Innovative framework for EV charging and swapping stations: Optimizing distribution networks and carbon mitigation

The paper proposes an innovative method for integrating electric vehicles (EVs) into distribution networks (DNs) to achieve sustainable transportation and mitigate carbon emissions. The suggested framework will maximise the location, operation, and load-balancing of electric vehicle charging and swapping stations (EVICSS), and optimise the DN infrastructure performance. The framework considers key aspects such as battery swapping stations (BSS), cascade energy storage systems (CESS), and rapid charging stations, utilising sophisticated algorithms, including the Modified Integrated Gravitational Search Algorithm-Particle Swarm Optimization (MIGSA-PSOA). These elements will ensure that EV users receive high-quality services. Moreover, the framework will also feature a ladder carbon pricing model and a carbon trading mechanism to enhance the reduction of carbon emissions. Case studies demonstrate that this strategy is effective in addressing the problem of power regulation, reducing operational costs, and making a significant contribution to carbon emission reduction. The combination of the smart grid and renewable energy sources (RES), enables a low-carbon economy to become a sustainable one. The new framework provides an all-inclusive solution for developing EV infrastructure, while also meeting sustainability and carbon reduction targets.