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Advanced nanofluid-assisted OHP–TEG integration for next-generation photovoltaic thermal management

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  • Kargaran, Mahyar

Abstract

This study introduces an advanced hybrid thermal management approach for photovoltaic (PV) systems by integrating oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) with thermoelectric generators (TEGs), using a novel MXene–Al2O3 nanofluid as the working medium. The nanofluid was engineered to combine the superior thermal conductivity of MXene with the dispersion stability of Al2O3, enhanced through anhydrous sodium citrate stabilization and prolonged ultrasonication. Seven PV cooling configurations—spanning from uncooled to water-based and nanofluid-based systems with or without TEGs—were experimentally evaluated under real outdoor solar conditions. The hybrid nanofluid reduced OHP thermal resistance by 44.52 %, boosting passive heat dissipation. TEGs effectively converted part of the waste heat into electricity, yielding an additional 192.56 Wh/day compared to the uncooled system. A comprehensive 4E analysis (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) validated the system's overall performance gains, with lower CO2 emissions and competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE). This is the first experimental demonstration of a MXene-based nanofluid in a PV–OHP–TEG architecture, marking a significant step toward scalable, efficient, and sustainable solar energy harvesting.

Suggested Citation

  • Kargaran, Mahyar, 2025. "Advanced nanofluid-assisted OHP–TEG integration for next-generation photovoltaic thermal management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:335:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225036667
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138024
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