Scenario information gap planning for electricity-gas-hydrogen integrated energy systems considering the impact of grid interaction locations

This study proposes an electricity-gas-hydrogen integrated energy system planning method that considers the interaction location with the upper-layer grid to enhance the economic efficiency and flexibility of the system and promote the integration and utilisation of energy. First, the dynamic adjustment of various energy forms is achieved by incorporating hydrogen flow coupling devices into the traditional integrated energy system, which improves the overall system operation efficiency and increases renewable energy consumption. Subsequently, an interaction node selection strategy is adopted to plan the interaction locations with the upper-layer grid optimally, constructing an upper-layer grid interaction model based on node power imbalance. This approach achieves efficient resource utilisation and reduces redundant system construction, and contributes to a reduction in the total system cost by $557,310.58. On this basis, to address the uncertainty in renewable energy output during the planning period, the extreme-scenario information gap decision theory is applied to handle the system planning problem under uncertain parameters, maximising the avoidance of uncertainty impact without exceeding the total budget, and the maximum tolerable fluctuation range of wind and photovoltaic power output expands to 87.65 %. The case study employs an IEEE 9-bus system and a 7-node gas network test system. The simulation results show that the proposed model and planning method can achieve reasonable system planning while meeting economic objectives and effectively addressing the uncertainty of the renewable energy output. Under uncertain scenarios, the renewable energy consumption rate increases to 97.18 %, investment costs are reduced by $145,450.51, and operating costs are reduced by $110,571.79.