Optimized multi-stage configuration of an improved carbon-neutral energy system through hybrid excess energy utilization and carbon transfer

To realize the sustainability of carbon neutrality, improving carbon neutral energy systems is essential to achieve economically viable carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, the effects of load changes on carbon neutral energy systems are often ignored. To address these problems, this paper firstly investigates the impacts of climate change and economic growth on carbon neutral energy system. Then, an improved carbon neutral energy system is proposed that uses carbon transfer processing and hybrid residual energy utilization. A multi-stage configuration method that can adapt to load changes is also presented. Results show that climate change can increase the system’s total operating cost by at least 11.06% and primary energy consumption by 6.31%. Electrical load growth can increase total operating cost by at least 33.79%, carbon dioxide emission by 29.64%, and primary energy consumption by 38.68%. Proposed improved carbon neutral energy system reduces total operating cost by 10.17%, carbon dioxide emission by 2.01%, and primary energy consumption by 16.08%. Moreover, it decreases electrical waste by 99%, heat waste by 27%, and energy needed for carbon capture by 36%. improved carbon neutral energy system can suppress the cost increase caused by advancement of the year of carbon neutrality.