Hierarchical bidding strategy for heterogeneous P2H loads and wind power: state-driven aggregation and switching time scheduling

Coordinating power-to-heat loads and wind power within electricity market operations is essential for enhancing grid frequency stability and optimizing renewable energy utilization. However, achieving flexible, fair, and accurate transactions, load aggregation, and scheduling presents significant challenges in the real-time market owing to the heterogeneous nature of P2H loads and wind power variability. This paper proposes three innovative methods to optimize the participation of heterogeneous P2H loads in wind power trading: a dual-layer multi-timescale bidding method to improve transactional flexibility and fairness by coordinating market participants across different timescales and entity layers; a state-driven dynamic correction load aggregation method to enhance aggregation accuracy while reducing computational and communication burdens by dynamically correcting the load aggregation model based on real-time states; and load scheduling based on the switching time mode to optimize P2H device operation times, thereby ensuring precise energy control and stable and reliable grid operation. Finally, the effectiveness of these methods is verified through a simulation using actual data from the Northern China power grid, demonstrating significant improvements in renewable energy utilization efficiency, power accuracy, and user satisfaction.