IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v334y2025ics0360544225033882.html

Development of an improved part-load operation strategy for the recompression semi-closed CO2 cycle

Author

Listed:
  • Xu, Hongyu
  • Xu, Cheng
  • Chen, Shuo
  • Dai, Tianle
  • Xin, Tuantuan
  • Yang, Yongping

Abstract

The semi-closed CO2 cycle has attracted considerable attention due to the high efficiency and near-zero emissions. However, research on its off-design performance is still insufficient, as the operational flexibility is constrained by the low ramp rate of the air separation unit (ASU), with limited exploration of alternative cycle configurations. In this study, a recompression semi-closed CO2 cycle is introduced to decouple the ASU. Off-design models for the recompression semi-closed CO2 cycle and the reference cycle with the ASU thermal integration are developed in Aspen Plus software to investigate and compare their off-design performance. The results indicate that the recompression system achieves maximum net efficiency under design conditions with a recompression split ratio (SR) of 0.325. Additionally, it exhibits enhanced off-design performance, with net efficiency ranging from 40.0 % to 54.5 %. Furthermore, an improved part-load operation strategy is introduced by adjusting the recompression split ratio (SR), leading to an additional net efficiency increase of 0.3–5.1 percentage points in the 20 %–60 % load range. These findings highlight the benefits of the recompression semi-closed CO2 cycle under varying load conditions and offer valuable insights into enhancing off-design performance through the implementation of a variable SR operation strategy.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Hongyu & Xu, Cheng & Chen, Shuo & Dai, Tianle & Xin, Tuantuan & Yang, Yongping, 2025. "Development of an improved part-load operation strategy for the recompression semi-closed CO2 cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:334:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225033882
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137746
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225033882
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.137746?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohammadi, Z. & Fallah, M. & Mahmoudi, S.M. Seyed, 2019. "Advanced exergy analysis of recompression supercritical CO2 cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 631-643.
    2. Scaccabarozzi, R. & Gatti, M. & Campanari, S. & Martelli, E., 2021. "Solid oxide semi-closed CO2 cycle: A hybrid power cycle with 75% net efficiency and zero emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    3. Ma, Ning & Bu, Zhengkun & Fu, Yanan & Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Haoran & Niu, Xiaojuan, 2023. "An operation strategy and off-design performance for supercritical brayton cycle using CO2-propane mixture in a direct-heated solar power tower plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    4. Enayatizadeh, Hossein & Arjomand, Alireza & Tynjälä, Tero & Inkeri, Eero, 2024. "Cryogenic carbon capture design through CO2 anti-sublimation for a gas turbine exhaust: Environmental, economic, energy, and exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    5. Li, Jiacong & Zhang, Chongyu & Davidson, Michael R. & Lu, Xi, 2025. "Assessing the synergies of flexibly-operated carbon capture power plants with variable renewable energy in large-scale power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
    6. Ma, Yuegeng & Morosuk, Tatiana & Liu, Ming & Liu, Jiping, 2020. "Development and comparison of control schemes for the off-design operation of a recompression supercritical CO2 cycle with an intercooled main compressor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    7. Zhao, Quanbin & Xu, Jiayuan & Hou, Min & Chong, Daotong & Wang, Jinshi & Chen, Weixiong, 2024. "Dynamic characteristic analysis of SCO2 Brayton cycle under different turbine back pressure modes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    8. Wilkes, Mathew Dennis & Mukherjee, Sanjay & Brown, Solomon, 2021. "Transient CO2 capture for open-cycle gas turbines in future energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    9. Yang, Jingze & Yang, Zhen & Duan, Yuanyuan, 2020. "Off-design performance of a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle integrated with a solar power tower system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    10. Ma, Ning & Meng, Fugui & Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Haoran & Niu, Xiaojuan, 2023. "Thermodynamic assessment of the dry-cooling supercritical Brayton cycle in a direct-heated solar power tower plant enabled by CO2-propane mixture," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 649-663.
    11. Fan, Gang & Du, Yang & Li, Hang & Dai, Yiping, 2021. "Off-design behavior investigation of the combined supercritical CO2 and organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    12. Arshad, Nahyan & Alhajaj, Ahmed, 2023. "Process synthesis for amine-based CO2 capture from combined cycle gas turbine power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    13. Zhu, Zilong & Chen, Yaping & Wu, Jiafeng & Zhang, Shaobo & Zheng, Shuxing, 2019. "A modified Allam cycle without compressors realizing efficient power generation with peak load shifting and CO2 capture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 478-487.
    14. Manente, Giovanni & Toffolo, Andrea & Lazzaretto, Andrea & Paci, Marco, 2013. "An Organic Rankine Cycle off-design model for the search of the optimal control strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 97-106.
    15. Scaccabarozzi, Roberto & Gatti, Manuele & Martelli, Emanuele, 2016. "Thermodynamic analysis and numerical optimization of the NET Power oxy-combustion cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 505-526.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ma, Ning & Bu, Zhengkun & Fu, Yanan & Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Haoran & Niu, Xiaojuan, 2023. "An operation strategy and off-design performance for supercritical brayton cycle using CO2-propane mixture in a direct-heated solar power tower plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    2. Yang, Rui & Ma, Ning & Zhao, Pan & Song, Liming, 2025. "Thermodynamic assessment of multivariate coupling effects on the performance of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles in solar power tower plants utilizing KCl-MgCl2 as a storage medium," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    3. Ma, Ning & Meng, Fugui & Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Haoran & Niu, Xiaojuan, 2023. "Thermodynamic assessment of the dry-cooling supercritical Brayton cycle in a direct-heated solar power tower plant enabled by CO2-propane mixture," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 649-663.
    4. Li, Ligeng & Tian, Hua & Shi, Lingfeng & Zhang, Yonghao & Shu, Gequn, 2022. "Reducing the operational fluctuation via splitting CO2 transcritical power cycle in engine waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    5. Xin, Tuantuan & Xu, Cheng & Zhang, Yifei & Yu, Liang & Xu, Hongyu & Yang, Yongping, 2024. "Process splitting analysis and thermodynamic optimization of the Allam cycle with turbine cooling and recompression modification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    6. Sleiti, Ahmad K. & Al-Ammari, Wahib & Ahmed, Samer & Kapat, Jayanta, 2021. "Direct-fired oxy-combustion supercritical-CO2 power cycle with novel preheating configurations -thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    7. Zhang, Yifan & Li, Hongzhi & Li, Kailun & Yang, Yu & Zhou, Yujia & Zhang, Xuwei & Xu, Ruina & Zhuge, Weilin & Lei, Xianliang & Dan, Guangju, 2022. "Dynamic characteristics and control strategies of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle tailored for the new generation concentrating solar power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    8. Daniele Candelaresi & Giuseppe Spazzafumo, 2023. "Production of Substitute Natural Gas Integrated with Allam Cycle for Power Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-17, February.
    9. Li, Ruifan & Xu, Cheng & Dai, Tianle & Xu, Hongyu & Xin, Tuantuan, 2025. "Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a novel semi-closed supercritical CO2 power cycle integrated with an air separation unit incorporating LNG cold energy utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    10. Su, Zixiang & Yang, Liu & Wang, Hao & Song, Jianzhong & Jiang, Weixue, 2024. "Exergoenvironmental optimization and thermoeconomic assessment of an innovative multistage Brayton cycle with dual expansion and cooling for ultra-high temperature solar power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    11. Hong, Q. & Si, H. & Wu, Y. & Zheng, X. & Pan, Q.W. & Zhang, X.J. & Jiang, L., 2025. "4E analysis on a hybrid sustainable and decarbonised system for LNG cold energy recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    12. Sleiti, Ahmad K. & Al-Ammari, Wahib A., 2021. "Off-design performance analysis of combined CSP power and direct oxy-combustion supercritical carbon dioxide cycles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 14-29.
    13. Yan, Gaocheng & Shi, Tongtong & Zheng, Lixing & Xue, Xiaojun & Xu, Chao & Xue, Zhaohui, 2025. "Thermo-economic analysis of an H2-fueled SOFC/GT/SCO2/ST/ORC polygeneration system based on zero-carbon emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    14. Miao, Zheng & Tian, Mengmeng & Wang, Chaozheng & Xu, Jinliang, 2025. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel high-efficiency coal-based sCO2 power cycle combining semi-closed oxy-combustion cycle with sCO2 Brayton cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    15. Sleiti, Ahmad K. & Al-Ammari, Wahib A. & Musharavati, Farayi, 2024. "Novel integrated system for power, hydrogen, and ammonia production using direct oxy-combustion sCO2 power cycle with automatic CO2 capture, water electrolyzer, and Haber-Bosch process," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    16. Luo, Jing & Emelogu, Ogechi & Morosuk, Tatiana & Tsatsaronis, George, 2021. "Exergy-based investigation of a coal-fired allam cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    17. Uusitalo, Antti & Turunen-Saaresti, Teemu & Grönman, Aki, 2021. "Design and loss analysis of radial turbines for supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    18. Fabrizio Reale, 2023. "The Allam Cycle: A Review of Numerical Modeling Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-22, November.
    19. Ma, Ning & Zhao, Pan & Xu, Wenpan & Liu, Aijie & Zhu, Huichao & Shi, Zhaochun & Wang, Jiangfeng, 2025. "A multi-level isobaric hydrogen-electric coupled energy storage system with a wide-range operational strategy: enhancing efficiency and flexibility in renewable-dominated power grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PB).
    20. Li, Haozhe & Song, Meiqi & Liu, Xiaojing, 2024. "Interpretable machine learning-based prediction and analysis of supercritical fluid heat transfer characteristics at different boundary conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:334:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225033882. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.