Two-stage optimal scheduling strategy for electric-hydrogen integrated energy stations considering demand response in energy and reserve services markets

To address the deviation between day-ahead bidding plans and real-time dispatch requirements in electric-hydrogen integrated energy stations (EHES) caused by source-load uncertainties, this paper proposes a two-stage scheduling strategy incorporating demand-side response (DR) within energy market (EM) and reserve services market (RSM). First, considering system source-load uncertainty, a day-ahead multi-scenario operation optimization method and a real-time rolling optimization framework are developed. Second, a two-stage stochastic optimization model is formulated, incorporating dual-settlement mechanisms and deviation penalties in electricity markets while accounting for DR costs. Finally, a dynamic incentive pricing-based real-time dispatch method is proposed for new energy vehicles (NEVs), considering the price-responsive characteristics of NEVs in demand-side resources. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed model enables real-time deviation correction, optimizes decision-making through two-stage market mechanisms, and enhances the economic and operational robustness of EHES through coordinated production-storage-consumption optimization. The results validate improved dispatch potential and cost efficiency in the case of source-load uncertainties.