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Boundary layer dynamics and power performance of an offshore wind farm during unstable ocean-wave-atmosphere interactions

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  • He, Rongyu
  • Wang, Qiang
  • Du, Xinhao
  • Luo, Kun
  • Fan, Jianren

Abstract

Exploring the behavior of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is challenging for offshore wind farm performance due to the dynamic ocean-wave-atmosphere interactions. This study aims to explore the boundary layer dynamics and power performance variations in Hangzhou Bay, China, using an integrated Ocean-Wave-Atmosphere model system coupled with improved Wind Farm Parameterization (OWAF). The results show a discernible impact of the air-sea interaction on the MABL and the wind farm wake and performance under unstable atmospheric conditions. Firstly, the interaction enhances the hub-height wind speed by 2.8 % and decreases the surface temperature and turbulence kinetic energy. The variation of turbulent heat flux is determined by the difference between sea surface temperature and 2 m temperature, with non-diurnal patterns. Secondly, the interaction augments atmospheric stability, intensifying the wake and expanding the wake area by twice the time and delaying the wake recovery. Moreover, air-sea interactions contribute to an overall increase in wind farm power output and effectively mitigate the impact of upstream turbine wakes on downstream turbines. A temporal increase in heat flux enhances power generation by 9.7 %, while a decrease attenuates it by 6.9 %. This research gains insight into the air-sea interaction for the operation of offshore wind farms.

Suggested Citation

  • He, Rongyu & Wang, Qiang & Du, Xinhao & Luo, Kun & Fan, Jianren, 2025. "Boundary layer dynamics and power performance of an offshore wind farm during unstable ocean-wave-atmosphere interactions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:334:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225031032
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137461
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