Bi-level operation model for energy hub based on energy-carbon coordination optimization framework

Energy hub modeling is crucial for the operation and management of integrated energy system. In order to optimize the operation of integrated energy system from both economic and low-carbon perspectives, this paper proposes a bi-level optimization model for energy hub. This model can coordinate energy-carbon flows and incorporate a low-carbon integrated demand response. First, a unified carbon emission flow coupling matrix model for energy hub is formulated, the accurate carbon information can be transmitted from superior energy networks to terminal user side. Second, a bi-level energy-carbon collaborative optimization model is established. The upper-level coordinates the goals of operating cost and carbon reduction, then releases carbon intensity signals to consumers. Simultaneously, an iterative algorithm is presented to determine storage states and minimize carbon emissions. The lower-level adjusts energy consumption strategies to maximize the consumer surplus based on the low-carbon psychological demand response mechanism. The two-level model is bridged through interactive variables and solved iteratively until equilibrium is reached. Finally, case studies illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. Specifically, this method achieves a 1.84 % cost savings, a 9.06 % carbon emission reduction, and a 9.39 % consumer surplus growth compared to other methods. It shows comprehensive advantages for achieving low-carbon and economy operation for energy hub and enhancing utility for users.