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Future-powered transportation fleets and mobility in eco-friendly cities: Economic scheduling interactions for integrated energy hubs via micromobility electric vehicles

Author

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  • Hou, Rui
  • Wu, Minrong
  • Deng, Guangzhi
  • Duan, Wenqi
  • Khayatnezhad, Majid
  • ghadimi, Noradin

Abstract

This study proposes an integrated framework for sustainable urban energy management by embedding electric micromobility vehicles (EMVs) into Urban Integrated Energy Hubs (U-IEHs). EMVs are modeled not only as low-carbon transport modes but also as mobile energy storage assets capable of grid interaction through bidirectional charging (G2V/V2G). The framework incorporates renewable energy sources (RESs), stationary energy storage systems (SESSs), and flexible energy demand management (FEDM) to enable coordinated energy scheduling and optimize overall system performance. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is developed to manage the complex interdependencies between electricity, heating, cooling, and mobility energy demands under uncertainty. The proposed model is validated through multiple simulation scenarios. Results indicate that integrating EMVs into the urban energy ecosystem achieves a 26.8 % reduction in total operational costs, an 18.5 % decrease in peak energy costs, and a 15.25 % drop in carbon emissions. These improvements underscore the capability of EMVs to balance energy supply and demand dynamically. This research highlights a paradigm shift from conventional centralized urban energy systems to decentralized, multi-energy networks that leverage mobile storage and user participation. Policymakers are encouraged to support EMV adoption through investment in G2V/V2G infrastructure and incentive schemes. The findings offer a robust foundation for advancing low-carbon, resilient, and cost-effective urban energy systems aligned with global sustainability goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Hou, Rui & Wu, Minrong & Deng, Guangzhi & Duan, Wenqi & Khayatnezhad, Majid & ghadimi, Noradin, 2025. "Future-powered transportation fleets and mobility in eco-friendly cities: Economic scheduling interactions for integrated energy hubs via micromobility electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:333:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225022364
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136594
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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Fang, 2026. "Forecast-driven economic co-transition of renewable-rich urban energy hubs with eco-friendly transport-based storage systems under political–social welfare in future-ready smart cities," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    2. Hou, Min & Liu, Xinrui & Li, Ming & Li, Yushuai & Wang, Rui & Li, Zhengmao & Sun, Qiuye, 2025. "Towards intelligent cooperation of urban electric-traffic coupling network: A distributionally robust hierarchical optimization method with dependency of uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    3. Liu, Wei, 2025. "Towards power-to-X and carbon capture technologies for decarbonized green cities: A multi-layer cost-effective energy scheduling approach in integrated energy systems for targeting carbon footprint reduction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).

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