Emerging trends in innovative catalysts for Methanol Steam Reforming for hydrogen production: A review of recent advances

The ever-increasing problems of environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil resources have prompted a focus on exploring novel, environmentally friendly energy sources. Methanol Steam Reforming (MSR) is a viable alternative for meeting daily hydrogen production, crucial for a sustainable energy future. Recent studies on MSR for hydrogen generation with innovative catalysts are included in this extensive overview. Early MSR studies concentrated on Cu-based catalysts, but more recently, studies have explored a wider range of materials, including spinels, noble metals, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and nano-catalysts, which are often supported by modified metal oxides. Innovative catalyst designs, particularly those that integrate nanostructured materials and non-precious metals, have demonstrated the potential to enhance the performance of MSR. Compared to commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts, the activity of Cu-based spinel oxides is equal to or even higher. The catalyst structure may significantly improve the MSR reaction's efficiency, mainly when improved supports and promoters like Ce, Sm, Y, La, Pr, Zn, and Gd are utilized. Research shows that complex manufacturing processes and structural design are crucial for MSR reactors. Recent studies on reactors have primarily focused on using membrane separation and microreactor systems, with a particular focus on increasing efficiency. Microchannel reactors demonstrate enhanced efficacy when compared to traditional designs. The parameters of surface geometry, catalyst dosage, and reactor size are paramount. Advanced catalyst and reactor systems have demonstrated H2 selectivity exceeding 98 % and methanol conversion near 100 %. However, the deactivation of catalysts due to metal sintering and coking remains a critical concern. Developing coke-resistant, high-activity, and robust catalysts with well-dispersed metal particles should be the primary focus of future research to ensure stable and efficient hydrogen production. As a result, this review anticipates the practical development of a hydrogen-methanol economy for industrial applications.