A bi-level optimization model of integrated energy system considering waste treatment under uncertainty

The phenomenon of garbage pollution is becoming increasingly serious worldwide, leading to a growing interest in incorporating waste treatment into integrated energy system. The hydrothermal carbonization technology can convert biomass into Hydrochar with high calorific value under subcritical conditions. To integrate hydrothermal carbonization into integrated energy system, firstly, we establish a hydrothermal carbonization model for wet waste during normal or valley electricity pricing times. During peak electricity pricing times, we establish a waste incineration treatment model by adjusting the combustion ratio of dry waste and Hydrochar. Then, considering the uncertainties of wind, solar, and load, we propose a new bi-level optimization configuration model in this paper. Therefore, we adopt the beluga whale optimization algorithm and a two-stage robust optimization method to minimize both the annual total cost and daily operating cost. The case study shows that compared with the anaerobic fermentation of waste, the degree of load fluctuation in the proposed model is reduced to 66%, 78%, and 76% in three seasons, respectively. The findings from this simulation indicate that the proposed model has greater advantages in resource utilization, peak shaving, valley filling, and robustness compared with the anaerobic fermentation of waste.