IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v331y2025ics0360544225027288.html

Preparation and characterization of Juglans regia shell-based nanofluid for enhanced cooling in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Author

Listed:
  • Raguman, Abdul
  • Vedagiri, Praveena

Abstract

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) encounter tremendous thermal management issues owing to the poor heat dissipation capability of traditional coolants such as water and ethylene glycol. These cause dehydration of the membrane, overheating, and loss of system efficiency. To overcome this, bio-based nanofluids of Juglans regia shell (JRS), a readily available carbon-rich agricultural waste, were synthesized and dispersed in 70:30 water:ethylene glycol (W:EG) base fluid at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 vol% concentrations. At 0.5 vol%, the JRS nanofluid improved the thermal conductivity by around 11 % (up to 0.468 W/m·K) and retained electrical conductivity at lower values (29.43 μS/cm) in contrast to metal-based counterparts, minimizing the possibility of electrical interference in PEMFCs. Viscosity was moderately improved to 3.41 mPa s at 70 °C, while specific heat was retained at the same value as the base fluid (3.351 kJ/kg·K). Sedimentation tests demonstrated good dispersion stability up to 15 days without the need for surfactants. This research proposes the potential of JRS-based nanofluids as a green, cost-effective coolant, consistent with the principles of circular economy, while providing better thermal performance and system compatibility for PEMFC applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Raguman, Abdul & Vedagiri, Praveena, 2025. "Preparation and characterization of Juglans regia shell-based nanofluid for enhanced cooling in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 331(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:331:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225027288
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137086
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225027288
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.137086?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Islam, M.R. & Shabani, B. & Rosengarten, G. & Andrews, J., 2015. "The potential of using nanofluids in PEM fuel cell cooling systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 523-539.
    2. Balali, Yasaman & Stegen, Sascha, 2021. "Review of energy storage systems for vehicles based on technology, environmental impacts, and costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Daud, W.R.W. & Rosli, R.E. & Majlan, E.H. & Hamid, S.A.A. & Mohamed, R. & Husaini, T., 2017. "PEM fuel cell system control: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 620-638.
    4. Al-Wreikat, Yazan & Serrano, Clara & Sodré, José Ricardo, 2021. "Driving behaviour and trip condition effects on the energy consumption of an electric vehicle under real-world driving," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    5. Hani Al-Rawashdeh & Omar Ali Al-Khashman & Jehad T. Al Bdour & Mohamed R. Gomaa & Hegazy Rezk & Abdullah Marashli & Laith M. Arrfou & Mohamed Louzazni, 2023. "Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable-Energy System for Green Buildings to Improve Efficiency and Reduce GHG Emissions with Multiple Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-32, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. El Idi, Mohamed Moussa & Ankouni, Mouhamad & Ben Haj Slama, Rafika & Affonso Nobrega, Pedro & Hajjar, Ahmad & Atli, Atilla, 2026. "Critical review of the latest advances in thermal management techniques for PEM fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PA).
    2. Zhang, Xiaoqing & Ma, Xiao & Zhang, Zhaohuan & Du, Haoyu & Wu, Zhixuan & Li, Zhe & Shuai, Shijin, 2025. "Review and analysis of thermal management for proton exchange membrane fuel cell hybrid power system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    3. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Real-time optimization strategies of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems based on Load-following control: A new strategy, and a comparative study of topologies and fuel economy obtained," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 444-460.
    4. Komova, O.V. & Simagina, V.I. & Butenko, V.R. & Odegova, G.V. & Bulavchenko, O.A. & Nikolaeva, O.A. & Ozerova, A.M. & Lipatnikova, I.L. & Tayban, E.S. & Mukha, S.A. & Netskina, O.V., 2022. "Dehydrogenation of ammonia borane recrystallized by different techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 460-472.
    5. Aihua Tang & Lin Yang & Tao Zeng & Quanqing Yu, 2022. "Cascade Control Method of Sliding Mode and PID for PEMFC Air Supply System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Martin Vrlić & Daniel Ritzberger & Stefan Jakubek, 2021. "Model-Predictive-Control-Based Reference Governor for Fuel Cells in Automotive Application Compared with Performance from a Real Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    7. Wu, Kangcheng & Du, Qing & Zu, Bingfeng & Wang, Yupeng & Cai, Jun & Gu, Xin & Xuan, Jin & Jiao, Kui, 2021. "Enabling real-time optimization of dynamic processes of proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Data-driven approach with semi-recurrent sliding window method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    8. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Efficient fuel economy strategies for the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems under variable renewable/load power profile," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    9. Pei, Yaowang & Chen, Fengxiang & Jiao, Jieran & Ye, Huan & Zhang, Caizhi & Jiang, Xiaojie, 2024. "Fuel cell temperature control based on nonlinear transformation mitigating system nonlinearity," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    10. Hafize Nurgul Durmus Senyapar & Ramazan Bayindir, 2023. "The Research Agenda on Smart Grids: Foresights for Social Acceptance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-31, September.
    11. Parker, Nathan C. & Kuby, Michael & Liu, Jingteng & Stechel, Ellen B., 2025. "Extreme heat effects on electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 380(C).
    12. Elkholy, Mohamed & Boureima, Abdoulaye & Kim, Jaeyeon & Aziz, Muhammad, 2025. "Data-driven modeling and prediction of PEM fuel cell voltage response to load transients for energy applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    13. Nicu Bizon & Mircea Raceanu & Emmanouel Koudoumas & Adriana Marinoiu & Emmanuel Karapidakis & Elena Carcadea, 2020. "Renewable/Fuel Cell Hybrid Power System Operation Using Two Search Controllers of the Optimal Power Needed on the DC Bus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-26, November.
    14. Hou, Junbo & Yang, Min & Ke, Changchun & Zhang, Junliang, 2020. "Control logics and strategies for air supply in PEM fuel cell engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    15. Luo, Lizhong & Jian, Qifei & Huang, Bi & Huang, Zipeng & Zhao, Jing & Cao, Songyang, 2019. "Experimental study on temperature characteristics of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1067-1078.
    16. Barouch Giechaskiel & Dimitrios Komnos & Georgios Fontaras, 2021. "Impacts of Extreme Ambient Temperatures and Road Gradient on Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions of a Euro 6d-Temp Gasoline Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    17. Zhang, Yahui & You, Xiongxiong & Song, Yunfeng & Zhao, Yahui & Wei, Zeyi & Jiao, Xiaohong, 2025. "Hierarchical eco-driving of connected hybrid electric vehicles: Integrating predictive cruise control and cost-to-go approximation-guided energy management," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    18. Badr Eddine Lebrouhi & Eric Schall & Bilal Lamrani & Yassine Chaibi & Tarik Kousksou, 2022. "Energy Transition in France," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-28, May.
    19. Witsarut Achariyaviriya & Wongkot Wongsapai & Kittitat Janpoom & Tossapon Katongtung & Yuttana Mona & Nakorn Tippayawong & Pana Suttakul, 2023. "Estimating Energy Consumption of Battery Electric Vehicles Using Vehicle Sensor Data and Machine Learning Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-14, September.
    20. Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke & Gábor Saly & István Lakatos, 2024. "Analyzing Energy Efficiency and Battery Supervision in Electric Bus Integration for Improved Urban Transport Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:331:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225027288. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.