An enhanced MES strategy for economic recovery and low-carbon operations: Incorporating time-lag superposition and hydrogen-electricity interdependency in chain accidents

Chain accidents pose a threat to the economic operation of Multi-Energy System (MES). By leveraging the coupling characteristics and time-lag effects of energy sources, losses during chain accidents can be mitigated through coordination among multiple energy systems, thereby offering an economically viable solution. Therefore, in this paper, an enhanced optimization method for MES following chain accidents is proposed. Firstly, a refined thermal-grid inertia model and a gas-grid inertia model are introduced, both of which can help mitigate time-lag effects during accidents in the MES. Secondly, a Z-score statistical measure enhancement strategy is proposed to address unregulated external energy procurement during chain accidents. By considering historical energy prices and their changing trends, this strategy ensures more efficient energy utilization during periods of low prices, thereby facilitating economic recovery under interconnected circumstances. Thirdly, to address the challenging problem of nonlinearity and non-convexity, auxiliary flow variables and piecewise linearization methods are introduced to simplify the solution and improve solving efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed multi-level optimization method is confirmed through extensive case studies. Compared to the baseline method, the proposed method achieves a 45.9 % improvement in economic performance.