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Pyrolysis of waste tires in fluidized bed reactor: Pyrolysis characteristics and hazardous elements transformation

Author

Listed:
  • Fan, Dekai
  • Zhang, Changfa
  • Liu, Chenglong
  • Yu, Mengyan
  • Yao, Bang
  • Chao, Li
  • Liu, Yang
  • Dai, Jianjun
  • Zhang, Yingwen
  • Qu, Junshen

Abstract

This study investigated pyrolysis behavior, product distribution, reaction kinetics and hazardous elements transformation through thermogravimetry, in-situ thermal decomposition and fluidized bed pyrolysis of waste tire (WT). The results revealed that temperature had an effect on the yield and composition of the products. Liquid product reached the maximum yield (i.e., 41.10 wt%) at 650 °C, and the main components of the pyrolysis oil were isoprene and D-limonene (up to 41.55 % at 550 °C). Olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons, acids and other heteroatomic compounds were also found in the oil phase. Higher temperature improved the morphological properties of pyrolytic carbon, providing char the potential to upgrade into carbon black. The kinetic parameters were estimated by iso-conversional methods, including Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Starink. The activation energy was found to be 207.01 ± 25.95, 228.15 ± 27.32 and 227.55 ± 27.30 kJ/mol, respectively. Pyrolysis reaction mechanism was examined by employing the master-plots method, and diffusion models dominated pyrolysis reactions. Thermodynamic analyses showed that pyrolysis was a complex endothermic reaction, and a potential reaction mechanism was proposed, involving pyrolysis of tire rubbers and hazardous element migration pathways. This work provides deeper insight into the characteristics and mechanism of WT pyrolysis via fluidized bed reactor, beneficial for scale-up and application of WT pyrolysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Fan, Dekai & Zhang, Changfa & Liu, Chenglong & Yu, Mengyan & Yao, Bang & Chao, Li & Liu, Yang & Dai, Jianjun & Zhang, Yingwen & Qu, Junshen, 2025. "Pyrolysis of waste tires in fluidized bed reactor: Pyrolysis characteristics and hazardous elements transformation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:330:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225024430
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136801
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alvarez, J. & Lopez, G. & Amutio, M. & Mkhize, N.M. & Danon, B. & van der Gryp, P. & Görgens, J.F. & Bilbao, J. & Olazar, M., 2017. "Evaluation of the properties of tyre pyrolysis oils obtained in a conical spouted bed reactor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 463-474.
    2. Hita, Idoia & Arabiourrutia, Miriam & Olazar, Martin & Bilbao, Javier & Arandes, José María & Castaño, Pedro, 2016. "Opportunities and barriers for producing high quality fuels from the pyrolysis of scrap tires," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 745-759.
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