Battery passport collaborative development strategy: A cooperative-stochastic evolutionary game analysis

The Battery Passport (BP) is a tool for managing the full life cycle trajectory data of batteries. The EU's battery regulation requires imported batteries to have a BP, otherwise they will be excluded from the European market. This paper address the challenges of inconsistent data standards, stakeholder uncertainty, and lack of available technologies in the development of BPs by constructing a cooperative and stochastic evolutionary game analysis framework, and exploring the mechanism and key driving factors of collaborative development among battery manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, and technology companies. The study shows that improving the standardisation of data technology and reducing the intensity of stochastic interferences can accelerate the evolution of the system to the ideal state; the demand increment coefficient has linear incentives for the battery and vehicle manufacturers, but the effect on the positive development of the technology companies is non-linear; the gaming system has the highest sensitivity to the co-creative value distribution coefficient, and the averaging of the benefit distribution is more likely to promote the positive development of the three parties. The research results provide a reference for responding to EU battery regulatory requirements, promoting BP co-development and high-quality development of the power battery industry.