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Effect of ternary nanocomposite in margosa biodiesel microemulsion blends on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine

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  • Dhamodaran, Gopinath
  • Elumalai, Arulkumar

Abstract

The increased demand for sustainable energy sources has shown more potential interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel. This study evaluates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of Margosa biodiesel (M20) is blended with nanoparticles (CuO/Fe3O4/g-C3N4 and CFG100) in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The results indicate that the M20CFG100 blend produced a peak in cylinder pressure of 72.5 bar and peak heat release rate of 51 J/CAD. The same blend produced highest brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 30.54 % and reduces brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 7.8 % compared to diesel, indicating enhanced fuel utilization. Furthermore, the addition of nanoparticles into the M20 blend contributed to a 12.4 % reduction in unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) and a 9.6 % decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Meanwhile, NOx emission is reduced by 13.5 %, and smoke reduced by 15.3 %, highlighting how nanoparticles help in reducing engine emissions. The study concludes that M20CFG100 blend improves engine performance and reducing emissions, indicating a promising and sustainable alternative to diesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Dhamodaran, Gopinath & Elumalai, Arulkumar, 2025. "Effect of ternary nanocomposite in margosa biodiesel microemulsion blends on performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:326:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225020043
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136362
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    1. Yatish, K.V. & Prakash, R. Mithun & Ningaraju, C. & Sakar, M. & GeethaBalakrishna, R. & Lalithamba, H.S., 2021. "Terminalia chebula as a novel green source for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and as feedstock for biodiesel production and its application on diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
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    1. Fangyuan Zheng & Haeng Muk Cho, 2025. "Study on Biodiesel Production: Feedstock Evolution, Catalyst Selection, and Influencing Factors Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Zikri, J.M. & Sani, M.S.M. & Adam, A., 2026. "Exploring the world of diesel engines: Analyzing noise and vibration characteristics with biodiesel application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PA).
    3. Fangyuan Zheng & Haeng Muk Cho, 2025. "A Study on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Cotton and Waste Lard Biodiesel on a CI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Mulk, Waqad Ul & Ismael, Mhadi A. & Aziz, A.Rashid A. & Azman, Mior & Aider, Mohammed & Younas, Mohammad & Hamdy, Mohamed & Nemitallah, Medhat A., 2026. "Recent progress in biodiesel-fueled ICEs and role of nano-additives in optimizing combustion and emissions with cost analysis- a comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PB).

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