An optimization framework for integrated design of redox flow battery in a standalone hybrid renewable energy system

This study presents the integrated design of emerging Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) within standalone Hybrid Renewable Systems (HRS). The key innovation is developing a multi-scale optimization framework for the optimal design of No-Mixing Vanadium RFBs. This framework incorporates a detailed electrochemical model, validated against experimental data, into an energy model for planning a Wind-Solar-Diesel-Battery system. The associated optimization model minimizes the capital cost of the energy system by employing a heuristic algorithm developed for rapid execution of the large mixed-integer nonlinear program, optimizing electricity storage through precise cell voltage modeling and consideration of electrolyte properties. The study evaluates the economic and environmental impacts of the optimized RFB design in real-world scenarios. Results indicate a 4.9 % reduction in capital cost and a 33.8 % decrease in CO2 emissions with the optimal integrated battery design compared to a normal high-efficiency battery design, demonstrating the potential of RFBs to compete with diesel generators in balancing renewable energy output. Additionally, the economic significance of the integrated battery design could lead to a 13.1 % cost reduction in a fully renewable system scenario. Further analysis explores the application of the optimized HRS for sustainable cryptocurrency mining, addressing this emerging global energy challenge. Results confirm the economic viability of the studied HRS by analyzing the simple payback period. Ultimately, the integrated optimization framework is adaptable and flexible, suitable for future research to provide valuable insights for advancements in RFB and HRS technologies toward developing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable energy solutions.