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Experimental study on the direct liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata in water

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  • Qu, Yixin
  • Wei, Xiaomin
  • Zhong, Chongli

Abstract

Direct liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata in water was carried out in an autoclave in the reaction temperature and time ranges of 280–360° C and 10–30 min, respectively, and three feedstock ratios of biomass/water were tested. The experimental results show that the yield of heavy oil has a maximum between 320 and 340° C, depending on the reaction time and the feedstock ratio adopted. At the experimental conditions of this work, the maximum heavy oil yield is about 24%, obtained at the feedstock of 8 g biomass and 100 ml distilled water, with the reaction time of 10 min and the reaction temperature of 320° C.

Suggested Citation

  • Qu, Yixin & Wei, Xiaomin & Zhong, Chongli, 2003. "Experimental study on the direct liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata in water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(7), pages 597-606.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:28:y:2003:i:7:p:597-606
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00178-0
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    1. Taghipour, Alireza & Ramirez, Jerome A. & Brown, Richard J. & Rainey, Thomas J., 2019. "A review of fractional distillation to improve hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude characteristics; future outlook and prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    2. Akhtar, Javaid & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina, 2011. "A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1615-1624, April.
    3. Déniel, Maxime & Haarlemmer, Geert & Roubaud, Anne & Weiss-Hortala, Elsa & Fages, Jacques, 2016. "Energy valorisation of food processing residues and model compounds by hydrothermal liquefaction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1632-1652.
    4. Feng, Huan & He, Zhixia & Zhang, Bo & Chen, Haitao & Wang, Qian & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran, 2019. "Synergistic bio-oil production from hydrothermal co-liquefaction of Spirulina platensis and α-Cellulose," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1283-1291.
    5. Nizamuddin, Sabzoi & Baloch, Humair Ahmed & Griffin, G.J. & Mubarak, N.M. & Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Abro, Rashid & Mazari, Shaukat Ali & Ali, Brahim Si, 2017. "An overview of effect of process parameters on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 1289-1299.
    6. Zhu, Zhe & Toor, Saqib Sohail & Rosendahl, Lasse & Yu, Donghong & Chen, Guanyi, 2015. "Influence of alkali catalyst on product yield and properties via hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 284-292.
    7. Zhong, Chongli & Wei, Xiaomin, 2004. "A comparative experimental study on the liquefaction of wood," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(11), pages 1731-1741.
    8. Yuan, Chuan & Wang, Shuang & Cao, Bin & Hu, Yamin & Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah & Wang, Qian & Qian, Lili & Liu, Lu & Liu, Xinlin & He, Zhixia & Sun, Chaoqun & Feng, Yongqiang & Zhang, Bo, 2019. "Optimization of hydrothermal co-liquefaction of seaweeds with lignocellulosic biomass: Merging 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks for enhanced bio-oil production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 413-422.
    9. Brand, Steffen & Susanti, Ratna Frida & Kim, Seok Ki & Lee, Hong-shik & Kim, Jaehoon & Sang, Byung-In, 2013. "Supercritical ethanol as an enhanced medium for lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction: Influence of physical process parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 173-182.
    10. Brand, Steffen & Hardi, Flabianus & Kim, Jaehoon & Suh, Dong Jin, 2014. "Effect of heating rate on biomass liquefaction: Differences between subcritical water and supercritical ethanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 420-427.
    11. Zhang, Bo & Chen, Jixiang & He, Zhixia & Chen, Haitao & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran, 2019. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of fresh lemon-peel: Parameter optimisation and product chemistry," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 512-519.
    12. Sun, Peiqin & Heng, Mingxing & Sun, Shaohui & Chen, Junwu, 2010. "Direct liquefaction of paulownia in hot compressed water: Influence of catalysts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5421-5429.
    13. Hardi, Flabianus & Mäkelä, Mikko & Yoshikawa, Kunio, 2017. "Non-catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of pine sawdust using experimental design: Material balances and products analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1026-1034.
    14. Gao, Ying & Wang, Xian-Hua & Yang, Hai-Ping & Chen, Han-Ping, 2012. "Characterization of products from hydrothermal treatments of cellulose," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 457-465.
    15. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Yu-Ying & Liu, Hsuan-Cheng & Baroutian, Saeid, 2020. "Optimization of food waste hydrothermal liquefaction by a two-step process in association with a double analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    16. Chamkalani, A. & Zendehboudi, S. & Rezaei, N. & Hawboldt, K., 2020. "A critical review on life cycle analysis of algae biodiesel: current challenges and future prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    17. Gan, Jing & Yuan, Wenqiao, 2013. "Operating condition optimization of corncob hydrothermal conversion for bio-oil production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 350-357.
    18. Qian, Yejian & Zuo, Chengji & Tan, Jian & He, Jianhui, 2007. "Structural analysis of bio-oils from sub-and supercritical water liquefaction of woody biomass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 196-202.
    19. Dimitriadis, Athanasios & Bezergianni, Stella, 2017. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of various biomass and waste feedstocks for biocrude production: A state of the art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 113-125.
    20. Yongsheng Zhang & Jamie Minaret & Zhongshun Yuan & Animesh Dutta & Chunbao (Charles) Xu, 2018. "Mild Hydrothermal Liquefaction of High Water Content Agricultural Residue for Bio-Crude Oil Production: A Parametric Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-13, November.
    21. Zhang, Linghong & Champagne, Pascale & (Charles) Xu, Chunbao, 2011. "Bio-crude production from secondary pulp/paper-mill sludge and waste newspaper via co-liquefaction in hot-compressed water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 2142-2150.
    22. Yuan, X.Z. & Li, H. & Zeng, G.M. & Tong, J.Y. & Xie, W., 2007. "Sub- and supercritical liquefaction of rice straw in the presence of ethanol–water and 2-propanol–water mixture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(11), pages 2081-2088.
    23. Younas, Rafia & Hao, Shilai & Zhang, Liwu & Zhang, Shicheng, 2017. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw with NiO nanocatalyst for bio-oil production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 532-545.
    24. Li, Wei-Gang & Zhao, Wei & Liu, Hao-Miao & Ao, Lei & Liu, Kai-Shuai & Guan, Yin-Shuang & Zai, Shi-Feng & Chen, Shang-Long & Zong, Zhi-Min & Wei, Xian-Yong, 2018. "Supercritical ethanolysis of wheat stalk over calcium oxide," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 300-305.
    25. Ankit Mathanker & Snehlata Das & Deepak Pudasainee & Monir Khan & Amit Kumar & Rajender Gupta, 2021. "A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Biofuels Production with a Special Focus on the Effect of Process Parameters, Co-Solvents, and Extraction Solvents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-60, August.

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