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Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: Thermal analyses and dimensioning rules

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  • Claesson, Johan
  • Eskilson, Per

Abstract

The ground is a virtually unlimited, ubiquitously accessible heat source and sink for heat pumps. Deep boreholes may be used as heat exchangers in the ground. We present an extensive analysis of such a heat extraction (or injection) borehole. The effects of stratification of the ground, climatic variations, geothermal gradient, and groundwater filtration are dealt with. A basic tool for the analysis is the solution for a heat-extraction step. The thermal disturbance at and near the ground surface is shown to be negligible. Thermal recharge in order to improve the heat-extraction capacity a few months later is shown to be futile. The thermal processes in the borehole are, in good approximation, represented by a single borehole resistance. Formulae that relate the heat-extraction rate to the required extraction temperatures are given. They are based on superpositions of steady-state, periodic, and extraction-step solutions. A response-test method is proposed for the determination of three important parameters: average thermal conductivity in the ground, borehole thermal resistance, and average undisturbed ground temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Claesson, Johan & Eskilson, Per, 1988. "Conductive heat extraction to a deep borehole: Thermal analyses and dimensioning rules," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 509-527.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:13:y:1988:i:6:p:509-527
    DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(88)90005-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Lazzarotto, Alberto, 2016. "A methodology for the calculation of response functions for geothermal fields with arbitrarily oriented boreholes – Part 1," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1380-1393.
    2. Rivera, Jaime A. & Blum, Philipp & Bayer, Peter, 2017. "Increased ground temperatures in urban areas: Estimation of the technical geothermal potential," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 388-400.
    3. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Gehlin, Signhild E.A., 2015. "Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems—An historical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1125-1137.
    4. Tang, Fujiao & Nowamooz, Hossein, 2019. "Sensitive analysis on the effective soil thermal conductivity of the Thermal Response Test considering various testing times, field conditions and U-pipe lengths," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1732-1743.
    5. Rachana Vidhi, 2018. "A Review of Underground Soil and Night Sky as Passive Heat Sink: Design Configurations and Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, October.
    6. Walch, Alina & Mohajeri, Nahid & Gudmundsson, Agust & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2021. "Quantifying the technical geothermal potential from shallow borehole heat exchangers at regional scale," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 369-380.
    7. Li, Min & Li, Ping & Chan, Vincent & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2014. "Full-scale temperature response function (G-function) for heat transfer by borehole ground heat exchangers (GHEs) from sub-hour to decades," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 197-205.
    8. Rivera, Jaime A. & Blum, Philipp & Bayer, Peter, 2016. "A finite line source model with Cauchy-type top boundary conditions for simulating near surface effects on borehole heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 50-63.
    9. Xiong, Zeyu & Fisher, Daniel E. & Spitler, Jeffrey D., 2015. "Development and validation of a Slinky™ ground heat exchanger model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 57-69.
    10. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2015. "Review of analytical models for heat transfer by vertical ground heat exchangers (GHEs): A perspective of time and space scales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 178-191.
    11. Cruz-Peragón, F. & Gómez-de la Cruz, F.J. & Palomar-Carnicero, J.M. & López-García, R., 2022. "Optimal design of a hybrid ground source heat pump for an official building with thermal load imbalance and limited space for the ground heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 381-394.
    12. Paul Christodoulides & Ana Vieira & Stanislav Lenart & João Maranha & Gregor Vidmar & Rumen Popov & Aleksandar Georgiev & Lazaros Aresti & Georgios Florides, 2020. "Reviewing the Modeling Aspects and Practices of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-45, August.
    13. Li, Min & Lai, Alvin C.K., 2013. "Analytical model for short-time responses of ground heat exchangers with U-shaped tubes: Model development and validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 510-516.
    14. Julian Formhals & Hoofar Hemmatabady & Bastian Welsch & Daniel Otto Schulte & Ingo Sass, 2020. "A Modelica Toolbox for the Simulation of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-23, May.
    15. Sorknæs, Peter, 2018. "Simulation method for a pit seasonal thermal energy storage system with a heat pump in a district heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 533-538.
    16. Pärisch, Peter & Mercker, Oliver & Oberdorfer, Phillip & Bertram, Erik & Tepe, Rainer & Rockendorf, Gunter, 2015. "Short-term experiments with borehole heat exchangers and model validation in TRNSYS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 471-477.
    17. Ekmekci, Ece & Ozturk, Z. Fatih & Sisman, Altug, 2023. "Collective behavior of boreholes and its optimization to maximize BTES performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    18. Huang, Wenbo & Cao, Wenjiong & Jiang, Fangming, 2018. "A novel single-well geothermal system for hot dry rock geothermal energy exploitation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 630-644.
    19. Forrest Meggers & Luca Baldini & Hansjürg Leibundgut, 2012. "An Innovative Use of Renewable Ground Heat for Insulation in Low Exergy Building Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(8), pages 1-18, August.
    20. Meggers, Forrest & Ritter, Volker & Goffin, Philippe & Baetschmann, Marc & Leibundgut, Hansjürg, 2012. "Low exergy building systems implementation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 48-55.
    21. Aste, Niccolò & Adhikari, R.S. & Manfren, Massimiliano, 2013. "Cost optimal analysis of heat pump technology adoption in residential reference buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 615-624.
    22. Sharqawy, Mostafa H. & Said, S.A. & Mokheimer, E.M. & Habib, M.A. & Badr, H.M. & Al-Shayea, N.A., 2009. "First in situ determination of the ground thermal conductivity for boreholeheat exchanger applications in Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(10), pages 2218-2223.
    23. Matt S. Mitchell & Jeffrey D. Spitler, 2020. "An Enhanced Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Model for Whole-Building Energy Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-27, August.
    24. Casasso, Alessandro & Sethi, Rajandrea, 2016. "G.POT: A quantitative method for the assessment and mapping of the shallow geothermal potential," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 765-773.

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