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From Data to Design: Constructing the Global Bioeconomy Complexity Index

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  • Tazin, Tabassum
  • Stark, Sascha
  • Venghaus, Sandra

Abstract

This study introduces a novel socio-economic indicator designed to benchmark bioeconomy performance worldwide, thereby addressing a critical gap in existing evaluative tools as well as offering a unified tool for cross-national comparison and policy guidance. Using exports data of Harmonized System level 6 products from 2000 to 2023, we derived the Bioeconomy Complexity Index (BCI) for more than 150 countries and the emergence over 24 years employing the methodology used to compute the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) by Hidalgo and Hausmann. Countries have been ranked in terms of their respective BCI scores. Our findings suggest that countries scoring in the bottom are less complex and have fewer diversity when it comes to exporting bio-based products. The stark contrast between the top-tier and bottom-tier economies not only validates the Bioeconomy Complexity Index's effectiveness at capturing the twin dimensions of product complexity and export portfolio diversity but also highlights key gaps in global capability distribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Tazin, Tabassum & Stark, Sascha & Venghaus, Sandra, 2026. "From Data to Design: Constructing the Global Bioeconomy Complexity Index," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:156:y:2026:i:c:s0140988326000903
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2026.109211
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