IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v334y2026i3p882-894.html

Multi-period, multi-blockchain optimization for risk-aware and sustainable supply chain networks

Author

Listed:
  • Cruz, Jose M.

Abstract

This study develops a multi-period, decentralized supply chain network optimization model that integrates blockchain-enabled traceability, risk management, and sustainability compliance across suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and segmented consumer markets. Unlike traditional centralized frameworks, the model leverages interoperable blockchain infrastructures (Hyperledger, Ethereum, Polygon) to enable trustless emissions verification, provenance, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) accountability. Each agent independently solves a convex optimization problem embedded within a system wide variational inequality (VI), capturing equilibrium interactions under operational, regulatory, and technological constraints. The model endogenizes smart contracts, tokenized carbon accounting, and blockchain-enforced traceability, linking digital governance with sustainable operations. Numerical analyses demonstrate how traceability levels, interoperability, and risk exposure influences profitability, inventory, and compliance across tiers and time periods. The results provide managerial guidance for designing resilient, ESG aligned supply chains under decentralized control. This framework bridges operations research, sustainability science, and blockchain governance, offering a scalable decision-support architecture for sustainable and risk-aware global operations.

Suggested Citation

  • Cruz, Jose M., 2026. "Multi-period, multi-blockchain optimization for risk-aware and sustainable supply chain networks," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 334(3), pages 882-894.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:334:y:2026:i:3:p:882-894
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.032
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221726001876
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ejor.2026.02.032?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:334:y:2026:i:3:p:882-894. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eor .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.