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Optimization in offshore wind farms – a survey of problems, models, and solution approaches

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  • Petersen, Vibeke Hvidegaard
  • Pisinger, David
  • Stålhane, Magnus

Abstract

Offshore wind offers clean and renewable energy on a large scale, and hence plays a central role in the green energy transition. This paper provides a digested survey of optimization problems, models, and solution approaches related to offshore wind farms that gives the reader an introduction to this exciting and growing research area. The paper is structured according to the five phases of the offshore wind farm life cycle: Area Selection, Wind Farm Design, Installation, Operations and Maintenance, and End of Life. For each phase, we identify relevant Operations Research problems, and for the most mature problems, for which a substantial body of literature exists, we present mathematical formulations. For these problems we also discuss available data sets and provide an overview of solution methods. Furthermore, a structured classification of the relevant literature within each phase of the life cycle is provided in summary tables. Finally, we highlight future trends and discuss future research directions along several axes before concluding.

Suggested Citation

  • Petersen, Vibeke Hvidegaard & Pisinger, David & Stålhane, Magnus, 2026. "Optimization in offshore wind farms – a survey of problems, models, and solution approaches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 334(2), pages 351-376.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:334:y:2026:i:2:p:351-376
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2026.03.002
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