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Analysis of policy impact on Thailand’s income distribution in the last decade

Author

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  • Jithitikulchai, Theepakorn
  • Leelahanon, Sittisak

Abstract

This paper analyzes the policy impacts and changes in Thailand’s income distribution between 2013 and 2023. Using the growth incidence curve and the delta Lorenz curve, we find that during 2013–2019, heterogeneous income growths reduced income inequality, as government assistance programs increased the income growth of the poorer households and narrowed inequality. Although Thailand’s income inequality continued to improve after the pandemic, the assistance policies during that period dampened income growth of the poor and slightly worsened inequality. The results highlight that policy design matters: well-designed policies can simultaneously promote growth and reduce inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Jithitikulchai, Theepakorn & Leelahanon, Sittisak, 2026. "Analysis of policy impact on Thailand’s income distribution in the last decade," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:162:y:2026:i:c:s0264999326002117
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2026.107682
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    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • H53 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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