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Place-based inequalities in children’s safeguarding referrals: A multilevel analysis of trends across English local authorities, 2013/14–2021/22

Author

Listed:
  • Moxon, Ella
  • Carlile, Oliver
  • Lockwood, Beth Alice
  • Webb, Calum
  • Hughes, Nathan

Abstract

Referral to children’s social care is a key early step in the response to child maltreatment. While national data show rising referral rates, little is known about how local governance structures and local variation in referral practices shape geographic inequalities in access to early safeguarding. This is important as referral sources may reflect different institutional routes into statutory services, and shifts in the referral mix may signal changing opportunities for earlier identification and preventative engagement.

Suggested Citation

  • Moxon, Ella & Carlile, Oliver & Lockwood, Beth Alice & Webb, Calum & Hughes, Nathan, 2026. "Place-based inequalities in children’s safeguarding referrals: A multilevel analysis of trends across English local authorities, 2013/14–2021/22," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:187:y:2026:i:c:s0190740926003130
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.109060
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