Art-based career and life development intervention for non-engaged youth: A quasi-experimental outcome study

In this study, we evaluate We.CLAP, an innovative program for non-engaged youth (NEY) that integrates art-based activities with the Youth Development Intervention Framework (YDIF) to enhance NEY’s career and life development (CLD). Using a pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design, we compared changes in Career and Life Development Hope (CLDH) scale scores and transitional statuses between NEY in We.CLAP (intervention group, N = 181) and NEY not in We.CLAP (comparison group, N = 294). We then conducted four focus group interviews (N = 20; nine NEY, four social workers, six youth service agency leaders, and one art instructor) and used thematic analysis findings to supplement the quantitative results. The quantitative analysis indicated that the intervention group showed greater improvement in the CLDH scale and subscales scores, compared with the comparison group with effect sizes (β) between 0.250 and 0.628 from baseline to first follow-up and second follow-up surveys. By the second follow-up, the intervention group was more likely to transition into meaningful statuses (e.g., generic education, employment, serious leisure development, or vocational education and training) rather than becoming NEET (not in employment, education, or training) with odds ratios of 3.962–32.926. Qualitative themes complemented the quantitative findings by illuminating stakeholders’ perceptions of the Art-Based YDIF intervention, highlighting its distinctive features and added value over more conventional career interventions. We discuss the implications of expanding the program, while also acknowledging limitations, such as the non-randomized design, that warrant cautious interpretation of the positive outcomes.