Understanding how voluntary and community sector resources impact the mental health and wellbeing of young people living in contexts of disadvantage: A realist review

Mental health is an escalating problem for young people. Open access community resources may offer ‘safe spaces’ and a sense of belonging. However, the function and impact of voluntary and community sector (VCS) resources, such as youth clubs and community sports initiatives, in supporting young people’s mental health is not currently well documented or understood. A realist review was conducted in line with RAMESES quality and reporting standards. We aimed to capture and understand the impacts of these resources and in what context these services work, for whom and how. Fourteen studies were identified for inclusion through database and grey literature searches. Data were synthesised under six primary themes: Community engagement and partnerships, Provision of shared local space and activities, Trust and relationship building, Increased empowerment and agency, Normalising the concept of mental health, and Cultural sensitivity and inclusivity. Available data on outcomes for young people was limited. Still, this preliminary evidence suggests that VCS resources can be effective in supporting the mental health of young people, including those from disadvantaged backgrounds. The integration of locally rooted, culturally competent practices with safe, inclusive environments and relationships built on trust and situational understanding may influence the extent to which they can be effective.