The relationship between peer interaction and subjective well-being among orphans: a meta-analysis

This study addresses the research gap in understanding the relationship between peer interactions and subjective well-being among orphan populations through meta-analysis. While the impact of peer interactions on well-being has been extensively studied in general adolescent populations, systematic analyses focusing on orphans—a vulnerable group with unique psychological and social needs—remain scarce. Grounded in multidimensional theoretical frameworks, including Attachment Theory, Positive Psychology, Self-Determination Theory, and Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Theory, this study explores the mechanisms through which peer interactions influence orphans’ subjective well-being. The results reveal that positive peer interactions significantly enhance orphans’ life satisfaction and positive emotions, with an effect size of 0.358, while negative peer interactions significantly reduce their subjective well-being, with an effect size of −0.301. Orphans’ reliance on peer support, due to the lack of family support, amplifies these effects. Additionally, orphan care institutions, by facilitating peer interactions among individuals with similar experiences, increase the likelihood of positive interactions and reduce the risk of negative ones. The study provides theoretical insights into the mechanisms of peer interactions and practical guidance for interventions, such as enhancing peer support networks, reducing bullying behaviors, and implementing cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation training. Future research should explore the moderating effects of different care environments (e.g., foster care, adoption, institutional care) and cross-cultural differences in the impact of peer interactions on orphan well-being.