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Daily service use, depression, and social support among youth experiencing homelessness using ecological momentary assessment: The influence of youth characteristics

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  • Tyler, Kimberly A.
  • Olson, Kristen M.
  • Eisenbraun, Anika R.

Abstract

Numerous young people experience some form of homelessness each year and face various risks detrimental to their well-being and survival. Though some youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) use negative coping strategies such as substance use, positive coping, such as service utilization and social support, increase youths’ chances of exiting homelessness. We gathered survey and daily data from 169 YEH over 30 days to examine (1) whether youths’ characteristics were associated with service utilization and receiving different types of support, and (2) whether feeling more depressed/lonely was linked with receiving various types of support from social network members. Average marginal effects from multilevel logistic and linear probability regression models revealed that heterosexual youth were less likely to have used counseling and street outreach services compared with sexual minority youth. Moreover, heterosexual youth were also less likely to have received emotional, financial, and safety support compared with sexual minority youth. Additionally, more depressed/lonely youth were more likely to have received any support, emotional support, help with money, help with safety, and help with shelter from network members. Finally, reporting any type of support (e.g., emotional, financial) was found to decrease over the 30 days. Our findings have implications for targeted just-in-time interventions to help youth improve their well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Tyler, Kimberly A. & Olson, Kristen M. & Eisenbraun, Anika R., 2026. "Daily service use, depression, and social support among youth experiencing homelessness using ecological momentary assessment: The influence of youth characteristics," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:180:y:2026:i:c:s0190740925005663
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108683
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prock, Kristen A. & Kennedy, Angie C., 2020. "Characteristics, experiences, and service utilization patterns of homeless youth in a transitional living program: Differences by LGBQ identity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    2. Rice, Eric & Thompson, Nicole & Onasch-Vera, Laura & Petry, Laura & Petering, Robin & Casey, Erin & Cooper, Toni & DiBattiste, Michelle & McAlpin, Frank, 2023. "Ending youth homelessness is about relationships: The importance of drop-in centers and staff to youth experiencing homelessness," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. Leonard I. Pearlin, 2010. "The Life Course and the Stress Process: Some Conceptual Comparisons," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 65(2), pages 207-215.
    4. Crosby, Shantel D. & Hsu, Hsun-Ta & Jones, Kristian & Rice, Eric, 2018. "Factors that contribute to help-seeking among homeless, trauma-exposed youth: A social-ecological perspective," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 126-134.
    5. Tyler, Kimberly A. & Ray, Colleen M., 2019. "Risk and protective factors for substance use among youth experiencing homelessness," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    6. Tyler, Kimberly A. & Akinyemi, Sarah L. & Kort-Butler, Lisa A., 2012. "Correlates of service utilization among homeless youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1344-1350.
    7. Tucker, Joan S. & Pedersen, Eric R. & Parast, Layla & Klein, David J., 2018. "Factors associated with drop-in center utilization among unaccompanied youth experiencing homelessness," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 347-354.
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