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‘Crossover kids’ in Manitoba: The intersection of the child protection system, youth criminal justice system and First Nations identity

Author

Listed:
  • Brownell, Marni
  • Linden, Rick
  • Nickel, Nathan C.
  • Turnbull, Lorna
  • Sanscartier, Matthew
  • Frank, Kayla
  • Courchene, Lindey
  • Au, Wendy
  • Enns, Jennifer E.
  • Lee, Janelle B.
  • Owczar, Hannah
  • McDougall, Chelsey
  • McCulloch, Scott
  • Morgan, Cora

Abstract

Using linked, population-wide administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified all children born in 1994 and followed them into early adulthood. We examined sociodemographics, educational achievement, involvement with child protection services (CPS), justice system contacts, and First Nations identity. We investigated the extent of overlap between ever being in out-of-home care of CPS and being charged with a crime in the youth criminal justice system, and how being First Nations intersects with these systems. We found that 36.4% of youth ever in care had a criminal charge between age 12–17, compared with 3.8% of youth with no CPS histories. Although First Nations comprise less than 15% of the Manitoba population, they accounted for 57% of children in care and 50.2% of youth with a criminal charge. More than 10 times as many First Nations youth had both a history of being in care and were charged with a crime, compared with all other Manitoba youth.

Suggested Citation

  • Brownell, Marni & Linden, Rick & Nickel, Nathan C. & Turnbull, Lorna & Sanscartier, Matthew & Frank, Kayla & Courchene, Lindey & Au, Wendy & Enns, Jennifer E. & Lee, Janelle B. & Owczar, Hannah & McDo, 2025. "‘Crossover kids’ in Manitoba: The intersection of the child protection system, youth criminal justice system and First Nations identity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:178:y:2025:i:c:s0190740925004128
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108529
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    References listed on IDEAS

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