IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/chsofr/v32y2007i2p427-430.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

From symmetry to particles

Author

Listed:
  • El Naschie, M.S.

Abstract

The notion of a particle-like state emerging from a symmetry breaking is given five corresponding pictures. We start from a geometrical picture in two dimensions involving a modular curve constructed using 336 triangles. The same number of building blocks is found again, this time as 336 contact points in the ten dimensional space of super string theory in the context of the largest kissing number of lattice sphere packing. The next corresponding representation is an abstract one pertinent to the order of the simple linear Lie group SL(2,n) in seven dimensions (n=7) which leads to 336 symmetries. Subsequently a tensorial picture is given using the Riemannian tensor of relativity theory but this time in an eight dimensional space (n=8) for which the number of independent components is again 336. Finally we use a physical string theory related picture in the 12 dimensions of F theory to find 336 moduli space dimensions representing the instanton cells of our theory.

Suggested Citation

  • El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "From symmetry to particles," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 427-430.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:32:y:2007:i:2:p:427-430
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2006.09.016
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077906008770
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.09.016?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. El Naschie, M.S., 2005. "On 336 kissing spheres in 10 dimensions, 528 P-Brane states in 11 dimensions and the 60 elementary particles of the standard model," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 447-457.
    2. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "Estimating the experimental value of the electromagnetic fine structure constant α¯0=1/137.036 using the Leech lattice in conjunction with the monster group and Spher’s kissing number in 24 dimensions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 383-387.
    3. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "Elementary prerequisites for E-infinity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 579-605.
    4. Naschie, M.S. El, 2006. "Holographic correspondence and quantum gravity in E-infinity spacetime," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 871-875.
    5. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "Holographic dimensional reduction: Center manifold theorem and E-infinity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 816-822.
    6. El Naschie, M.S., 2005. "Determining the number of Higgs particles starting from general relativity and various other field theories," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 711-726.
    7. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "The elementary particles content of quantum spacetime via Feynman graphs and higher dimensional polytops," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 1-4.
    8. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "Elementary number theory in superstrings, loop quantum mechanics, twistors and E-infinity high energy physics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 297-330.
    9. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "Gauge anomalies, SU(N) irreducible representation and the number of elementary particles of a minimally extended standard model," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 14-16.
    10. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "On two new fuzzy Kähler manifolds, Klein modular space and ’t Hooft holographic principles," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 876-881.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kocer, E. Gokcen & Tuglu, Naim & Stakhov, Alexey, 2009. "On the m-extension of the Fibonacci and Lucas p-numbers," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 1890-1906.
    2. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "From pointillism to E-infinity electromagnetism," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 1377-1381.
    3. Gottlieb, I. & Agop, M. & Enache, V., 2009. "Games with Cantor’s dust," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 940-945.
    4. Agop, M. & Paun, V. & Harabagiu, Anca, 2008. "El Naschie’s ε(∞) theory and effects of nanoparticle clustering on the heat transport in nanofluids," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1269-1278.
    5. El Naschie, M.S., 2008. "Noether’s theorem, exceptional Lie groups hierarchy and determining 1/α≅137 of electromagnetism," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 99-103.
    6. Kılıç, Emrah, 2009. "The generalized Pell (p,i)-numbers and their Binet formulas, combinatorial representations, sums," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 2047-2063.
    7. He, Ji-Huan & Xu, Lan & Zhang, Li-Na & Wu, Xu-Hong, 2007. "Twenty-six dimensional polytope and high energy spacetime physics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 5-13.
    8. Kilic, E. & Stakhov, A.P., 2009. "On the Fibonacci and Lucas p-numbers, their sums, families of bipartite graphs and permanents of certain matrices," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 40(5), pages 2210-2221.
    9. Ekici, Erdal & Noiri, Takashi, 2009. "Decompositions of continuity, α-continuity and AB-continuity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 2055-2061.
    10. Akbulak, Mehmet & Bozkurt, Durmuş, 2009. "On the order-m generalized Fibonacci k-numbers," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 42(3), pages 1347-1355.
    11. Agop, M. & Chicos, Liliana & Nica, P., 2009. "Transport phenomena in nanostructures and non-differentiable space–time," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 803-814.
    12. Agop, M. & Murgulet, C., 2007. "Ball lightning as a self-organizing process of a plasma–plasma interface and El Naschie’s ε(∞) space–time," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 754-769.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "Estimating the experimental value of the electromagnetic fine structure constant α¯0=1/137.036 using the Leech lattice in conjunction with the monster group and Spher’s kissing number in 24 dimensions," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 383-387.
    2. El Naschie, M.S., 2008. "Deriving the largest expected number of elementary particles in the standard model from the maximal compact subgroup H of the exceptional Lie group E7(-5)," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 956-961.
    3. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "Elementary prerequisites for E-infinity," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 579-605.
    4. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "The Fibonacci code behind super strings and P-Branes. An answer to M. Kaku’s fundamental question," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 537-547.
    5. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "Fuzzy Dodecahedron topology and E-infinity spacetime as a model for quantum physics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 1025-1033.
    6. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "SU(5) grand unification in a transfinite form," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 370-374.
    7. Marek-Crnjac, L., 2008. "Exceptional Lie groups hierarchy, orthogonal and unitary groups in connection with symmetries of E-infinity space-time," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 517-520.
    8. El-Okaby, Ayman A., 2008. "Exceptional Lie groups, E-infinity theory and Higgs Boson," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 1305-1317.
    9. Marek-Crnjac, L., 2008. "The connection between the electromagnetic fine structure constant α¯0 and the monster Lie algebra," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 257-262.
    10. He, Ji-Huan & Xu, Lan, 2009. "Number of elementary particles using exceptional Lie symmetry groups hierarchy," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2119-2124.
    11. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "Hilbert space, Poincaré dodecahedron and golden mean transfiniteness," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 787-793.
    12. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "Feigenbaum scenario for turbulence and Cantorian E-infinity theory of high energy particle physics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 911-915.
    13. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "On the universality class of all universality classes and E-infinity spacetime physics," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 927-936.
    14. El Naschie, M.S., 2007. "Determining the number of Fermions and the number of Boson separately in an extended standard model," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 1241-1243.
    15. Agop, M. & Paun, V. & Harabagiu, Anca, 2008. "El Naschie’s ε(∞) theory and effects of nanoparticle clustering on the heat transport in nanofluids," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1269-1278.
    16. El Naschie, M.S., 2006. "E-infinity theory—Some recent results and new interpretations," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 845-853.
    17. El Naschie, M.S., 2008. "Conjectures regarding kissing spheres hierarchy and quantum gravity unification," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 346-350.
    18. Chen, Qingjiang & Huo, Ailian, 2009. "The research of a class of biorthogonal compactly supported vector-valued wavelets," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 951-961.
    19. He, Ji-Huan, 2007. "On the number of elementary particles in a resolution dependent fractal spacetime," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 1645-1648.
    20. El Naschie, M.S., 2005. "Spinorial content of the standard model, a different look at super-symmetry and fuzzy E-infinity hyper Kähler," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 303-311.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:32:y:2007:i:2:p:427-430. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Thayer, Thomas R. (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chaos-solitons-and-fractals .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.