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Research on the motor development of children aged 3–5 based on nonlinear dynamics theory

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  • Li, Ninghao
  • Zhao, Jiahao
  • Hou, Bojie
  • Guo, Enru
  • Ji, Zhongqiu
  • Jiang, Guiping

Abstract

The age range of 3–5 years is a critical period for children's motor development. This study examines the dynamic characteristics of lower-limb motor control in 3–5-year-old children using the Lyapunov exponent (LE) and sample entropy (SE), two nonlinear indicators. A total of 102 children(52 boys，50 girls) participated in vertical jump tasks, and 56 children(30 boys，26 girls) participated in walking tasks. The results showed that 4-year-olds exhibited the highest movement complexity and variability, while 5-year-olds displayed the greatest dynamic stability. These findings highlight age four as a critical stage in motor development, offering valuable insights for individualized motor skill training, fall prevention, and applications in developmental psychology and education.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Ninghao & Zhao, Jiahao & Hou, Bojie & Guo, Enru & Ji, Zhongqiu & Jiang, Guiping, 2025. "Research on the motor development of children aged 3–5 based on nonlinear dynamics theory," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 201(P2).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:201:y:2025:i:p2:s0960077925012275
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117214
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alan Chu & Richard E. Hughes, 2010. "A method to determine whether a musculoskeletal model can resist arbitrary external loadings within a prescribed range," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(6), pages 795-802.
    2. Xu, Ke & Wang, Huanqing & Liu, Peter Xiaoping, 2023. "Adaptive fuzzy finite-time tracking control of nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 450(C).
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