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Multiple breather asymptotics in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

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  • Shan, Hong-Wen
  • Tian, Bo
  • Liu, Hao-Dong

Abstract

Spinor Bose-Einstein condensate is generated by the atoms in the multi-component Bose Einstein condensates with the single hyperfine spin states but retaining the internal spin degrees of freedom. Some researchers have confirmed the existence of some localized wave phenomena in the spin Bose-Einstein condensates experimentally and theoretically. A three-component Gross-Pitaevskii system, which characterizes the dynamic behavior of spinor condensates for the mean-field approximation, is investigated in this paper. We first construct the M-breather solutions in the determinant form via an existing binary Darboux transformation, where M is a positive integer. We apply the asymptotic analysis on the M-breather solutions and obtain some properties of those M breathers. The M-breather solutions can be decomposed into M one-breather solutions with different velocities as t→±∞. Before and after each interaction, the M breathers pass through each other without any change in shape or velocity, while their solitary and periodic parts encounter the phase shifts. Taking M=2 as an example, we graphically illustrate the 2 interacting breathers through the 3D plots and density plots, which align with our asymptotic-analysis results.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan, Hong-Wen & Tian, Bo & Liu, Hao-Dong, 2025. "Multiple breather asymptotics in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:201:y:2025:i:p1:s0960077925010550
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.117042
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pradhan, Debprasad & Dutta, Debjit, 2025. "Nonlinear excitation and bi-directional propagation of heavy-nucleus-acoustic waves in multi-component unmagnetized quantum plasmas," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    2. Luo, Xiang, 2020. "Solitons, breathers and rogue waves for the three-component Gross–Pitaevskii equations in the spinor Bose–Einstein condensates," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    3. Zhao, Dong & Huang, Qihong & Gao, Shulei & Yang, Hongyan & Wu, Di & Malomed, Boris A. & Xue, Li & Xu, Siliu, 2025. "Three-dimensional solitons in Rydberg-dressed Bose–Einstein condensates with spin–orbit coupling and a radially periodic potential," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    4. Qin, Qing & Li, Li & Yu, Fajun, 2025. "Dark matter-wave bound soliton molecules and modulation stability for spin-1 Gross–Pitaevskii equations in Bose–Einstein condensates," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    5. Li, Li & Yu, Fajun, 2025. "Some mixed soliton wave interaction patterns and stabilities for Rabi-coupled nonlocal Gross–Pitaevskii equations," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
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