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A thermodynamic model of the REM–NREM sleep cycle

Author

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  • Sun, Haeun
  • Ishbulatov, Yurii
  • Karavaev, Anatoly
  • Zakharov, Denis
  • Zaikin, Alexey

Abstract

Although many models explain the spontaneous alternation between two distinct sleep states, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM), new empirical evidence has accumulated regarding consistent temperature changes during sleep stage transitions in small animals. The temperature dependence of neuro-excitability and low-frequency (≤4 Hz) neuronal activity has also been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on these phenomena, we constructed a stochastic thermodynamic model of the ultradian sleep rhythm. The model was validated through simulation, demonstrating statistical properties that align with experimental data from rats. This model would provide new insights into the mechanisms behind the REM cycle and can be applied in new therapies for sleep disorders.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Haeun & Ishbulatov, Yurii & Karavaev, Anatoly & Zakharov, Denis & Zaikin, Alexey, 2025. "A thermodynamic model of the REM–NREM sleep cycle," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:190:y:2025:i:c:s0960077924012840
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115732
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    1. Laura Bojarskaite & Alexandra Vallet & Daniel M. Bjørnstad & Kristin M. Gullestad Binder & Céline Cunen & Kjell Heuser & Miroslav Kuchta & Kent-Andre Mardal & Rune Enger, 2023. "Sleep cycle-dependent vascular dynamics in male mice and the predicted effects on perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy & Umberto Olcese & Erin C. Hanlon & Yuval Nir & Chiara Cirelli & Giulio Tononi, 2011. "Local sleep in awake rats," Nature, Nature, vol. 472(7344), pages 443-447, April.
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