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Energy storage toward high-efficient and safe grid-transportation utilization: State of the art and future directions

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Tianjing
  • Zhong, Sheng
  • Xie, Shuqi
  • Su, Lingzhi
  • Dong, Zhao Yang

Abstract

Energy storage plays a vital role in improving the efficiency and reliability of both power grids and transportation systems. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current energy storage technologies by classifying major types and assessing their performance characteristics. It examines key parameters such as round-trip efficiency, energy density, and safety to highlight the trade-offs that shape technology selection for specific applications. The roles of energy storage in power grid operations, including renewable energy integration, peak shaving, and frequency regulation, and in transportation, such as electric vehicle propulsion, regenerative braking, and fast-charging support, are analyzed. Special attention is given to strategies that enhance both safety and efficiency in these applications. A distinguishing aspect of this review is its focus on the shared utilization of energy storage between power grid and transportation sectors, including vehicle-to-grid and second-life battery systems. This cross-sector perspective underscores how advancements in one field can support progress in the other. The paper also discusses the key challenges that arise when pursuing high efficiency and safety, such as battery degradation, safety risks, integration complexity, material constraints, and economic barriers, as these factors directly influence the performance, reliability, and practical deployment of energy storage systems. It concludes by outlining future directions for high-efficiency and safe energy storage development, including advanced battery management, intelligent control systems, sustainable materials, and supportive policy frameworks, contributing to the creation of resilient and low-carbon energy systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Tianjing & Zhong, Sheng & Xie, Shuqi & Su, Lingzhi & Dong, Zhao Yang, 2026. "Energy storage toward high-efficient and safe grid-transportation utilization: State of the art and future directions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 417(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:417:y:2026:i:c:s0306261926006938
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.128041
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