Boundary variable transfer model-based resilience improvement for collaborative cyber-physical distribution systems

Modern power distribution systems are typical cyber-physical distribution systems (CPDS). In the face of extreme weather events, it is necessary to develop resilience improvement strategies that coordinate the cyber system and the physical system across the entire process of prevention, degradation, and recovery. However, existing coupled modeling approaches often fail to accurately capture cyber-physical interactions due to the lack of a unified coupling framework representation. To address this gap, this paper proposes a boundary variable transfer model that establishes a unified modeling framework for CPDSs to enable coordinated resilience enhancement. Firstly, the model formally defines interactive variables and their transmission mechanisms between the cyber and physical systems. Two key boundary variables-power supply of nodes and attainable state of control signals-are formulated to quantify cross cyber-physical system dependencies. Secondly, based on this framework, a holistic resilience enhancement method is developed, integrating pre-event network reconfiguration, event-driven fault management, and post-event load restoration to coordinate cyber-physical resources throughout the entire process. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program and solved using commercial solvers. Case studies on the IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results demonstrate significant improvements in both cyber and physical system resistance and recovery capability under extreme events.