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Turning trash into treasure: Agro-waste valorization for enhanced biohydrogen production with special focus on biochar-centric mechanisms

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  • Daniel, Ruth
  • Jagadevan, Sheeja

Abstract

Energy in the form of biohydrogen is a promising alternative to conventional sources of energy. Adoption of agro-waste in energy production is a viable approach for achieving climate goals and fostering low-carbon economy. Agro-waste, generated as a byproduct of agro and agro-industrial processes, has gained significant popularity as a feedstock for biohydrogen production via dark fermentation (DF) due to its abundance and sustainability. This review discusses various ways in which agro-waste can be utilized, specifically as (i) a potential substrate in DF process, (ii) when used as a co-digestate in DF, and (iii) as a feedstock for biochar synthesis (amendment in DF), all of which is collectively known to enhance the yield and production of biohydrogen. A dedicated review on the mechanisms of agro-waste-derived biochar in dark fermentative biohydrogen production is currently lacking. This review attempts to fill existing gaps in the field by thoroughly exploring the role and mechanism of action of biochar sourced from agricultural feedstock in all facets of biohydrogen. These advancements promote reduced reliance on fossil fuel-based energy, thereby facilitating the attainment of the net-zero emissions target by providing alternatives in the form of renewable energy.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel, Ruth & Jagadevan, Sheeja, 2026. "Turning trash into treasure: Agro-waste valorization for enhanced biohydrogen production with special focus on biochar-centric mechanisms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 411(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:411:y:2026:i:c:s0306261926002813
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127629
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