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Reliability evaluation of solar pavements-integrated power system considering seasonal meteorological factors and traffic road congestion

Author

Listed:
  • Dai, Wei
  • Zheng, Huan
  • Shi, Bochen
  • Liu, Hui

Abstract

In pursuit of carbon neutrality and emission peak, the coordinated development of transportation-energy integration has significant practical implications. Under this context, actively promoting the application of renewable energies in the transportation sector to build a new transportation-energy system is a pivotal way. Solar pavements (SPs), as an emerging power generation technology that integrates clean electricity generation and transportation functions, are highly favored to accelerate the low-carbon transition for the transportation sector. However, the rapid expansion of SPs introduces significant uncertainties arising from weather conditions and traffic flows, which may adversely affect the reliability of urban power distribution systems. Here, we develop a novel reliability evaluation model to comprehensively assess the generation potential of SPs and the operational reliability of power systems. Road traffic congestion, weather variability, and the output characteristics of SPs are modeled in detail to accurately assess the power system with integrated SPs. To accurately capture the uncertainties of road congestion and weather conditions, a multi-state probability transition matrix based on the Markov chain is established to simulate the actual output of SPs under multiple operational scenarios. Case studies are conducted using real-world data from multiple cities in China. The simulation results indicate that the randomness of weather and traffic conditions will cause great fluctuations in the reliability of the system. The Expected Demand Not Supplied (EDNS) index reveals that as congestion on SPs increases from free-flow to heavy, reliability improvement drops from 9.77% to 3.89%. In high-solar areas, variations in weather conditions cause the reliability enhancement to fluctuate between 5.44% and 12.63%, whereas in low-solar regions this range decreases to 4.33%–8.99%.

Suggested Citation

  • Dai, Wei & Zheng, Huan & Shi, Bochen & Liu, Hui, 2026. "Reliability evaluation of solar pavements-integrated power system considering seasonal meteorological factors and traffic road congestion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 410(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:410:y:2026:i:c:s0306261926002187
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2026.127566
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