Coordination of community energy storage system and prosumers for FCAS via battery modular management and capacity rental

Due to their superior rapid response capabilities, community energy storage systems (CESS) can readily secure bids for frequency control ancillary services (FCAS). However, insufficient attention has been paid to the constrained integration of CESS and prosumers for FCAS, particularly to ensure the safe operation of CESS. This paper proposes a coordination framework based on a battery modular energy management model for CESS and prosumers within a community. The battery module's lifespan is considered and extended by regulating the depth-of-discharge range for each CESS module. Leveraging the CESS capacity rental can ensure uninterrupted FCAS performance, even in the presence of severe CESS module degradation and substantial frequency deviations. The coordination framework can foster additional arbitrage opportunities for prosumers. The effectiveness of the proposed coordination framework for CESS and prosumers, as well as the capacity rental model, is validated through simulations on a modified IEEE 39-bus system in various CESS states. A rolling quota allocation algorithm is proposed to dynamically adjust the participation quotas of residential and industrial prosumers based on their activity levels, thereby establishing a differentiated allocation mechanism that effectively addresses the limitations of traditional static schemes in adapting to changes in prosumer behavior. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively mitigate CESS degradation and enhance profitability for proactive prosumers and CESS.