Hybrid game-based dispatch for 5G BS-BSC synergy in distribution networks

The development of 5G base stations (5G BSs) and the presence of electric scooter battery swapping cabinets (BSCs) provide substantial dispatch resources for distribution networks (DNs). Due to the fact of their frequent co-deployment, this paper proposes an optimal dispatch method for DNs considering the cooperative operation of 5G BSs and BSCs based on hybrid game theory. Firstly, the dispatch capabilities of 5G BSs and BSCs are analyzed considering the communication service quality and battery-swapping demands respectively. The joint dispatch capability of 5G BS and BSC is then modeled by comparing their independent and cooperative operations. Next, an optimal dispatch model utilizing hybrid game theory is developed for the joint participation of 5G BS-BSC in DN operations, where a leader-follower game is set up between the DN and the 5G BS-BSC alliance, while a cooperative game is established within the alliance. To efficiently solve this model, a Double Agent-assisted Bi-level Evolutionary Algorithm (DA-BLEA) is proposed to enhance the speed and accuracy of the leader-follower game process. A Priority-based Weighted Ranking (PWR) method is also proposed to identify the optimal equilibrium solution in the leader-follower game. This method facilitates the determination of operational costs for both 5G BS and BSC by transferring the follower's cost from the equilibrium solution to the cooperative game model, ensuring a seamless integration of costs and strategies between the two game frameworks. Through conducting multi-scenario simulations, effectiveness of the optimal dispatch model is validated, along with the superiority of the joint dispatch of 5G BS and BSC over their parallel independent operations.