IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v404y2026ics0306261925017131.html

Multi-objective optimisation-based approach for shipboard energy-efficient battery energy storage sizing leveraging operational data

Author

Listed:
  • Belvisi, Daniele
  • Figari, Massimo

Abstract

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are increasingly recognised as a viable solution for fuel consumption reduction and resilience enhancement of Naval Ship Power Systems (NSPS). However, the effectiveness of battery systems is influenced by operational profiles, power system configuration, reliability requirements, battery sizing, and the Energy Management Strategy (EMS). This paper presents a multi-layered, multi-objective optimisation framework for BESS power and capacity configuration selection and sizing in NSPS, leveraging operational data and Dynamic Programming to evaluate design trade-offs. The method identifies Pareto-optimal configurations balancing fuel consumption, battery degradation, and system reliability. The framework is validated using onboard load measurements and evaluates BESS parameter sizing over a given design space in different scenarios, comparing benefits in fuel efficiency, BESS utilisation, and system reliability. Findings suggest that adopting a Minimum Generator Operation (MGO) strategy with a BESS may decrease generator operating hours by up to 33 %, while optimised load sharing yields up to a 2 % reduction in fuel consumption during manoeuvring. The study highlights Pareto-optimal solutions based on selected Performance Functions (PF) and introduces the concept of assisted multi-objective design of shipboard battery systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Belvisi, Daniele & Figari, Massimo, 2026. "Multi-objective optimisation-based approach for shipboard energy-efficient battery energy storage sizing leveraging operational data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 404(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:404:y:2026:i:c:s0306261925017131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126983
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925017131
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126983?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhammad Umair Mutarraf & Yacine Terriche & Kamran Ali Khan Niazi & Juan C. Vasquez & Josep M. Guerrero, 2018. "Energy Storage Systems for Shipboard Microgrids—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-32, December.
    2. Maloberti, Luca & Zaccone, Raphael, 2025. "An environmentally sustainable energy management strategy for marine hybrid propulsion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    3. Richard Bellman, 1954. "On some applications of the theory of dynamic programming to logistics," Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(2), pages 141-153, June.
    4. Richard Bellman, 1954. "Some Applications of the Theory of Dynamic Programming---A Review," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 2(3), pages 275-288, August.
    5. Giovanni Lucà Trombetta & Salvatore Gianluca Leonardi & Davide Aloisio & Laura Andaloro & Francesco Sergi, 2024. "Lithium-Ion Batteries on Board: A Review on Their Integration for Enabling the Energy Transition in Shipping Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-37, February.
    6. Sergi Obrador Rey & Juan Alberto Romero & Lluis Trilla Romero & Àlber Filbà Martínez & Xavier Sanchez Roger & Muhammad Attique Qamar & José Luis Domínguez-García & Levon Gevorkov, 2023. "Powering the Future: A Comprehensive Review of Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-21, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xiaoyue Li & John M. Mulvey, 2023. "Optimal Portfolio Execution in a Regime-switching Market with Non-linear Impact Costs: Combining Dynamic Program and Neural Network," Papers 2306.08809, arXiv.org.
    2. Mahmoud Mahfouz & Angelos Filos & Cyrine Chtourou & Joshua Lockhart & Samuel Assefa & Manuela Veloso & Danilo Mandic & Tucker Balch, 2019. "On the Importance of Opponent Modeling in Auction Markets," Papers 1911.12816, arXiv.org.
    3. Boute, Robert N. & Gijsbrechts, Joren & van Jaarsveld, Willem & Vanvuchelen, Nathalie, 2022. "Deep reinforcement learning for inventory control: A roadmap," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 298(2), pages 401-412.
    4. Dawei Chen & Fangxu Mo & Ye Chen & Jun Zhang & Xinyu You, 2022. "Optimization of Ramp Locations along Freeways: A Dynamic Programming Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-13, August.
    5. Harrold, Daniel J.B. & Cao, Jun & Fan, Zhong, 2022. "Data-driven battery operation for energy arbitrage using rainbow deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    6. Vanvuchelen, Nathalie & De Boeck, Kim & Boute, Robert N., 2024. "Cluster-based lateral transshipments for the Zambian health supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(1), pages 373-386.
    7. Bartłomiej Kocot & Paweł Czarnul & Jerzy Proficz, 2023. "Energy-Aware Scheduling for High-Performance Computing Systems: A Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-28, January.
    8. Wadi Khalid Anuar & Lai Soon Lee & Hsin-Vonn Seow & Stefan Pickl, 2021. "A Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Road Capacity and Reduced Two-Stage Stochastic Integer Linear Programming Models for Rollout Algorithm," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(13), pages 1-44, July.
    9. Pulak Swain & Akshay Kumar Ojha, 2025. "Feasibility conditions of robust portfolio solutions with single and combined uncertainties," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 62(3), pages 1262-1287, September.
    10. Peter Schober & Julian Valentin & Dirk Pflüger, 2022. "Solving High-Dimensional Dynamic Portfolio Choice Models with Hierarchical B-Splines on Sparse Grids," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 59(1), pages 185-224, January.
    11. Matthias Breuer & David Windisch, 2019. "Investment Dynamics and Earnings‐Return Properties: A Structural Approach," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 57(3), pages 639-674, June.
    12. Diefenbach, Heiko & Emde, Simon & Glock, Christoph H., 2020. "Loading tow trains ergonomically for just-in-time part supply," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 284(1), pages 325-344.
    13. Michael J. Pennock & William B. Rouse & Diane L. Kollar, 2007. "Transforming the Acquisition Enterprise: A Framework for Analysis and a Case Study of Ship Acquisition," Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(2), pages 99-117, June.
    14. Quetschlich, Mathias & Moetz, André & Otto, Boris, 2021. "Optimisation model for multi-item multi-echelon supply chains with nested multi-level products," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 290(1), pages 144-158.
    15. Iman Ahmadianfar & Saeed Noshadian & Nadir Ahmed Elagib & Meysam Salarijazi, 2021. "Robust Diversity-based Sine-Cosine Algorithm for Optimizing Hydropower Multi-reservoir Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(11), pages 3513-3538, September.
    16. Li, Yapeng & Tang, Xiaolin & Lin, Xianke & Grzesiak, Lech & Hu, Xiaosong, 2022. "The role and application of convex modeling and optimization in electrified vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    17. Ge, Fangsheng & Beullens, Patrick & Hudson, Dominic, 2021. "Optimal economic ship speeds, the chain effect, and future profit potential," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 168-196.
    18. Wadi Khalid Anuar & Lai Soon Lee & Hsin-Vonn Seow & Stefan Pickl, 2022. "A Multi-Depot Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Road Capacity: An MDP Model and Dynamic Policy for Post-Decision State Rollout Algorithm in Reinforcement Learning," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(15), pages 1-70, July.
    19. Sasanka Adikari & Norou Diawara, 2024. "Utility in Time Description in Priority Best–Worst Discrete Choice Models: An Empirical Evaluation Using Flynn’s Data," Stats, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-18, February.
    20. Coit, David W. & Zio, Enrico, 2019. "The evolution of system reliability optimization," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:404:y:2026:i:c:s0306261925017131. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.