A systematic literature review of the advances in structural aspects of floating photovoltaic systems

The transition to renewable energy is critical for mitigating climate change, with Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems emerging as a promising solution to land constraints and increasing energy demands. This systematic review investigates the structural design components of FPV systems which includes floating structures, mooring systems, and inter-module connections through a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative critical analysis of literature as well as quantitative bibliometric analysis. Following the PRISMA framework, a comprehensive analysis of 55 high-quality literature from Scopus and Web of science during the span from 2016 till April 2025 revealed key advancements and challenges in FPV technology. Hydrodynamic studies indicated that wave parameters, structural configurations, and module arrangements significantly influence system stability. Mooring systems, particularly taut configurations, enhance performance, while innovative connection designs (e.g., hinges and flexible joints) balance motion reduction and structural stress. VOSviewer was utilized for developing the visualization maps for co-authorship, co-citation, affiliation, bibliographic coupling, and keywords analyses. This scientometric analysis highlighted China to be the leading contributor in publishing literature. Leading research clusters focused on FPV systems were also identified. Despite progress, gaps remain in long-term durability studies, performance under extreme-conditions, and standardized design guidelines. This review consolidates existing knowledge to guide future research and investment in FPV technology, supporting its role in sustainable energy systems.