A novel quantitative model for evaluating building energy resilience to maintain indoor thermal stability during peak power demand

Extreme weather events like heat and cold waves often result in peak power demands, leading to power limitations or outages that severely disrupt indoor thermal environments. Enhancing building energy resilience is crucial to mitigating the impacts of these events. However, there is a lack of effective quantitative metrics for assessing how different active and passive measures affect building energy resilience. This study proposes a novel quantitative assessment model to evaluate the energy resilience of buildings retrofitted with different measures under scenarios of power outages caused by peak power demand. The results indicate that, in terms of cumulative building energy resilience during peak power demand, passive measures such as green roofs and natural ventilation enhance the resilience of top-floor rooms by 7.0 % and 10.6 %, respectively. When grid power is available, active measures, including ground source heat pumps and photovoltaic systems, improve resilience by 62.5 % and 17.3 %, respectively. The combined effect of all measures raises resilience by 33.5 %. The proposed assessment model lays a theoretical foundation for quantitatively evaluating building energy resilience under peak demand conditions.