Mechanical structure design: A survey on modern triboelectric nanogenerators

Recent advancements in the utilization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which convert kinetic energy into electrical energy, present a suitable solution for efficient energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications. Despite the continuous development of various materials for triboelectric applications, a significant challenge persists in selecting an appropriate mechanical structure and designing a mechanism for effectively capturing this renewable energy resource. This review paper explores the critical role of mechanical components and structures in the performance of TENGs. A thorough review of recent literature indicates a concerted effort to explore different structural designs and their impact on energy harvesting and self-powered sensing capabilities. The mechanical structure emerges as a key factor in the triboelectric generation process, significantly influencing efficiency by facilitating optimal material separation and friction. Moreover, force transmission mechanisms within the mechanical structure are important for maximizing energy extraction. The impact of design on structural reliability is essential for adapting to diverse environmental conditions, ensuring the necessary flexibility for practical real-world applications. A robust mechanical structure ensures stability, essential for sustainable and reliable nanogenerator operation. This systematic review emphasizes the pivotal role of mechanical structure design in advancing the field of TENGs, providing insights into key factors influencing their performance and paving the way for future developments in energy harvesting technologies.