An Optimized and Highly Efficient Low Power RF Energy Harvesting System with Current Boost Technique Designed using 45 nm Technology

One of the most significant areas of research is looking for new energy sources and the best way to use them for sustainable applications. A viable approach to using radio frequency energy from environmental sources to power wireless devices is Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH). However, the design of a rectifier, which is a crucial component of a RFEH system, presents several inherent difficulties. This paper presents a unique transmission gate-based rectifier design that is further improved with a simplified, novel current boost mechanism for efficient RFEH operation. A standard process technology node with a 45-nm pitch was used to simulate the analytical model. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), two bio-inspired algorithms, are adopted to optimize different device and circuit parameters of the rectifier so as to obtain the best possible performance. The proposed architecture performs better than contemporary approaches, as validated with different performance parameters. At a higher frequency band and with a negligibly low power consumption of 110nW, it offers 65% power conversion efficiency (PCE) at −20dbm, followed by PCEs of 80% at −15 dBm and 96% at −10 dBm. Eight MOSFETs and two passive components with optimized values are used in the circuit, which reduces the design area and lowers the cost. By raising the power level, the associated converter makes it practically usable for applications like a standalone wireless communication node or a drone-based relay. The designed system is completely batteryless and is capable of providing uninterrupted and consistent power to the intended node.