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Hydrogeochemical insights for sustainable irrigation: A case study from the Palar River Basin, Tamil Nadu

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  • Dange, Sakshi
  • Arumugam, Kumaraguru
  • Vijayaraghavalu, Sai Saraswathi

Abstract

This research assesses groundwater suitability for irrigation in the pre-monsoon period in the Anicut, Gudiyatham, and K.V. Kuppam blocks of Tamil Nadu, India. 132 groundwater samples were examined through multivariate statistical analysis, hydrogeochemical facies interpretation, and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS), which helps to combine Mamdani logic-based models to ensure accurate water quality classification. Silicate weathering was found to be the prevailing geochemical process using Gibbs and Piper diagrams. Spatial analysis identified anthropogenic and geogenic controls on irrigation indices. This is a significant methodological contribution to regional groundwater research since it is the first comprehensive use of FIS in conjunction with hydrogeochemical facies study in the Palar River basin. The findings support sustainable water management in agriculture, which advances SDGs 2, 6, 12, 13, and 15. However, community-based monitoring, salt-tolerant crop rotation, and localised reverse osmosis treatment are advised to counteract the pollution hotspots that have been identified. More than 659,000 inhabitants who depend on groundwater would directly benefit from the actions, which will protect their ecological stability, health, and food security.

Suggested Citation

  • Dange, Sakshi & Arumugam, Kumaraguru & Vijayaraghavalu, Sai Saraswathi, 2025. "Hydrogeochemical insights for sustainable irrigation: A case study from the Palar River Basin, Tamil Nadu," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:317:y:2025:i:c:s0378377425003762
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109662
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