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Quantifying crop-livestock integration for the green transition of herbivorous livestock farmers: Development of a novel index and its application in Northwest China

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  • Liu, Dan
  • Jin, Jianjun
  • Zou, Zanlu
  • Yang, Jie
  • Zhang, Chenyang

Abstract

The decoupling of crop and livestock production has intensified resource inefficiencies and environmental pressures in smallholder farming systems. Opposing this trend, crop–livestock cooperation at farm, community, and regional levels is increasingly promoted as a pathway toward sustainable agriculture. However, despite its expansion, the strength of such integration remains difficult to measure due to the absence of reliable and scalable indicators.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Dan & Jin, Jianjun & Zou, Zanlu & Yang, Jie & Zhang, Chenyang, 2026. "Quantifying crop-livestock integration for the green transition of herbivorous livestock farmers: Development of a novel index and its application in Northwest China," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:233:y:2026:i:c:s0308521x26000089
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2026.104640
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