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Forschung, Entwicklung und Innovationen in Ostdeutschland: Rückstand strukturell bedingt

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  • Alexander Eickelpasch

Abstract

Over the past two decades, research and development (R&D) activities in eastern Germany have increased substantially, albeit to a lesser extent than in western Germany. Furthermore, R&D in eastern Germany was primarily conducted by public-sector research institutes and less so by universities and businesses. In 2013, overall, R&D activities in eastern Germany reached 86 percent of the western German level; in the private sector, eastern Germany reached just under 50 percent of the western German level. The comparatively low level of R&D activity in eastern Germany’s private sector is due to the economic and corporate structure: compared to the western German average, in eastern Germany the research-intensive sectors are not as well established and there are also fewer larger enterprises that generally perform a higher percentage of R&D work than smaller ones. The number of new products launched by companies as a share of the turnover is far lower than for western German firms, and this gap was found to further increase in recent years. Although the German government continues to grant a certain “east bonus” in its backing of private-sector R&D, structural differences will mean that no noticeable convergence towards the western German level can be expected in the near future. Significant regional differences in private-sector R&D activities have also been observed in western Germany. Forschung und Entwicklung wurden in Ostdeutschland in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten deutlich ausgeweitet. Die Expansion war aber etwas schwächer als in Westdeutschland und sie konzentrierte sich stark auf die staatlichen und staatlich geförderten Forschungseinrichtungen. Ostdeutsche Hochschulen und Unternehmen steigerten ihre Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten dagegen relativ schwach. Insgesamt betrachtet erreichte die Forschungs- und Entwicklungsintensität Ostdeutschlands im Jahr 2013 86 Prozent des westdeutschen Niveaus, im Bereich der privaten Wirtschaft waren es nur knapp 50 Prozent. Die vergleichsweise geringe Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivität der privaten Wirtschaft in Ostdeutschland hat Gründe, die in der Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensstruktur liegen: Forschungsintensive Industriezweige und größere Unternehmen, die im Allgemeinen häufiger Forschung und Entwicklung betreiben als kleine Unternehmen, sind in Ostdeutschland schwächer vertreten als im Durchschnitt der westdeutschen Bundesländer. Der Anteil neuer Produkte am Umsatz ist bei den ostdeutschen Unternehmen deutlich geringer als bei westdeutschen, ein Rückstand, der in den vergangenen Jahren eher noch größer geworden ist. Der Staat gewährt zwar weiterhin einen gewissen Ost- Bonus bei der Förderung von privater Forschung und Entwicklung, eine spürbare Angleichung an das westdeutsche Niveau ist aber angesichts der strukturellen Unterschiede so bald nicht zu erwarten. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass es auch innerhalb Westdeutschlands große regionale Diskrepanzen in Bezug auf die Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten der privaten Wirtschaft gibt.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Eickelpasch, 2015. "Forschung, Entwicklung und Innovationen in Ostdeutschland: Rückstand strukturell bedingt," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(41), pages 907-918.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-41-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ann Hipp & Udo Ludwig & Jutta Günther, 2021. "Unable to innovate or just bad circumstances? Comparing the innovation system of a state-led and market-based economy," Bremen Papers on Economics & Innovation 2111, University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics.
    2. Jun, Bogang & Yi, Seung-Kyu & Buchmann, Tobias & Mueller, Matthias, 2016. "The co-evolution of innovation networks: Collaboration between West and East Germany from 1972 to 2014," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 09-2016, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regional innovation systems; Research and development; Small and medium-sized enterprises; Manufacturing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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