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Selbständige Beschäftigung geht zurück

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  • Karl Brenke

Abstract

In the 1990s, self-employment in Germany increased significantly. This trend continued - due, as well, to the increase in unemployed entrepreneurs - until 2007, after which the number of self-employed workers remained constant, to a large extent, until 2012, at which point it began to decline. Both the long-term growth of self-employment as well as its decline in recent years was significantly influenced by the growth in the number of solo self-employed individuals - that is, entrepreneurs with no employees. In contrast to the declinein self-employment, the number of regular, dependent employees has increased significantly in recent years. Diverging developments between independent and dependent employment are evident in nearly all sectors and age groups. Only among the elderly was there an increase in the number of self-employed individuals. An important reason for the decline is that fewer individuals are taking up self-employment than are giving up self-employment; the number of entrepreneurs has decreased in recent years. Given the now-favorable situation in the labor market, many dependent employees are likely to try to transition into self-employment. This may also be related to the fact that there are not many self-employed individuals - especially many solo self-employed individuals - who earn low incomes. The share of low-earners in this group has become smaller in the course of the overall decline that has been in effect since 2012. As well, it is probably more difficult in favorable labor markets for companies to outsource activities to self-employed individuals as a way of saving costs. In den 90er Jahren hatte die selbständige Beschäftigung in Deutschland deutlich zugenommen. Dieser Trend hielt – auch wegen der Förderung von arbeitslosen Existenzgründern – bis 2007 an, danach blieb die Zahl der Selbständigen einige Jahre weitgehend konstant, und seit 2012 nimmt sie sogar ab. Sowohl die langjährige Expansion der selbständigen Beschäftigung als auch die Schrumpfung in jüngster Zeit wurden wesentlich geprägt durch die Entwicklung bei den Solo-Selbständigen, also den Unternehmern ohne Angestellte. Im Gegensatz zum Rückgang der Selbständigkeit ist die Zahl der Arbeitnehmer in den vergangenen Jahren weiter deutlich gestiegen. Divergierende Entwicklungen zwischen selbständiger und abhängiger Beschäftigung zeigen sich in fast allen Wirtschaftszweigen und Altersgruppen. Allein bei den Älteren stieg die Zahl der Selbständigen noch. Ein wichtiger Grund für den Rückgang der selbständigen Beschäftigung ist, dass weniger Selbständige nachwachsen; die Zahl der Gründer hat in den letzten Jahren abgenommen. Angesichts der mittlerweile günstigen Lage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt dürften viele Erwerbstätige einer abhängigen Beschäftigung den Vorzug vor dem Gang in die Selbständigkeit einräumen. Dies mag auch damit zusammenhängen, dass nicht wenige Selbständige, insbesondere viele Solo-Selbständige, nur geringe Einkommen erzielen. Der Anteil der Geringverdiener unter ihnen ist im Zug des Schrumpfungsprozesses seit 2012 kleiner geworden. Auch fällt es Unternehmen bei günstiger Arbeitsmarktlage wohl schwerer, Tätigkeiten an Selbständige auszulagern und dadurch Kosten zu sparen.

Suggested Citation

  • Karl Brenke, 2015. "Selbständige Beschäftigung geht zurück," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(36), pages 790-796.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-36-3
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Self employed; change in trend;

    JEL classification:

    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy

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