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Nudging und soziales Engagement: wie kann Nudging dazu beitragen, die Spendenbereitschaft zu erhöhen?

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  • Maja Adena

Abstract

Nudging shows a potential to increase social engagement. The article discusses a series of large field experiments in which nudging techniques such as defaults, anchors, or reminders were implemented. The results suggest that nudging may influence donation decisions. Thus, for example, nonbinding donation recommendations change the distribution of contribution levels. More individuals choose to donate exactly the recommended amount. Some raise whereas others lower their contribution. More people donate if the recommendation is relatively low and less do so if it is relatively high. The overall effect is not clear ex ante. This and other examples show that design decisions are not simplistic and furthermore context dependent. Finally, it is demonstrated that nudging-free situations do not exist because the status quo “non-donor” is also a default. Nudging hat das Potential, soziales Engagement zu erhöhen. In diesem Beitrag wird ausgehend von einigen Feldexperimenten diskutiert, wie vorgegebene Standards, Anker, Erinnerungen und weitere Methoden des Nudgings die Entscheidung, Geld für wohltätige Zwecke zu spenden, verändern können. So beeinflussen zum Beispiel nicht bindende Empfehlungen bezüglich der Spendenhöhe die Höhe der tatsächlich gespendeten Beträge. Einige Individuen entscheiden sich dann eher dafür, genau den empfohlenen und nicht einen anderen Betrag zu spenden. Dabei erhöhen einige ihre Spende, während andere sie verringern. Außerdem spenden mehr Personen, wenn die Empfehlung relativ niedrig ist, und weniger, wenn sie relativ hoch angesetzt wird. Insgesamt kann es deshalb durch eine empfohlene Spendenhöhe genauso gut zu einer Erhöhung wie zu einer Verringerung des insgesamt erzielten Spendenaufkommens kommen. Im Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Entscheidungen für ein bestimmtes Spendendesign nicht einfach sind und den jeweiligen Kontext berücksichtigen sollten. Zuletzt wird darauf hingewiesen, dass es keine „nudgingfreie“ Situation gibt, denn der Status quo, „nicht zu spenden“, ist auch ein Default.

Suggested Citation

  • Maja Adena, 2018. "Nudging und soziales Engagement: wie kann Nudging dazu beitragen, die Spendenbereitschaft zu erhöhen?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 87(2), pages 139-152.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:87-2-10
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    1. Steffen Altmann & Armin Falk & Paul Heidhues & Rajshri Jayaraman & Marrit Teirlinck, 2019. "Defaults and Donations: Evidence from a Field Experiment," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 101(5), pages 808-826, December.
    2. Judd B. Kessler & Alvin E. Roth, 2014. "Getting More Organs for Transplantation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(5), pages 425-430, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Charitable giving; field experiments; nudging;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D64 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
    • D04 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • D91 - Microeconomics - - Micro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making
    • C93 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Design of Experiments - - - Field Experiments
    • L31 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship

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